on the Great Exhibition of 1851. 367 
art, but is the whole foundation, the entire creator of the art. 
Here art is the daughter of science. The great chemical manu- 
factories. which have sprung up at Liverpool, at Newcastle, at 
Glasgow, owe their existence entirely to a profound and scientific 
knowledge of chemistry. hese arts never could have existed 
if there had not been.a science of chemistry ; and that, an exact 
and philosophical science. ‘These mauufactories now are ona 
scale at least equal to the largest establishments which exist 
ainong the successors of Tubal-Cain. They occupy spaces not 
smaller than that great building in which the productions of all 
the arts of all the world were gathered, and where we so often 
wandered till our feet were weary. They employ, some of them, 
five or six large steam-engines; they shoot up the obelisks which 
convey away their smoke and fumes to the height of the highest 
steeples in the world; they occupy a population equal to that of 
a town, whose streets gather round the. walls. of the mighty 
Workshop.*. Yet these processes are all derived from the chemi- 
cal theories of the last and the present century; from the inves- 
tigatious carried on in the laboratories of Scheele and Kirwan, 
Bertholiet and Lavoisier. “So rapidly in this case has the tree of 
art blossomed from the root of science ;. upon so gigantic a scale 
have the truths of science been embodied in the domain of art. 
gain, there is another remark which we make in comparing 
the first class, ménerals, with the third class,’ or rather with the 
fourth, vegetable and animal ‘substances used in manufactures, 
or as implements or ornaments. And I wish to speak especially 
of vegetable substances. In the class of minerais, all the great 
members of the class are still what they were in ancient times. 
been discovered; atid these have their use; and of these the 
Exhibition presents fine examples. But still, their use is upov a 
small scale. Gold and iron, at the present day, as in ancient 
times, are the rulers of the world; and the great events iv the 
world of mineral art are not the’ discovery of new substances, 
Ww 
accumulation and reproduction, but also a constantly growing 
Variety of objects, fitted to the needs and uses of man. fea, 
coffee, tobacco, sugar, cotton, have made man’s life, and the arts 
which sustain it, very different from what they were in ancient 
times. And no one, I think, can have looked at the vegetable 
treasures of the Crystal Palace without seeing that the various 
wealth of the vegetable world is yet far from exhausted. The 
* «Tustrated Catalogue,” p. 184, 
