200 Prof. J. Le Conte on the Freezing of Vegetables. 
119 English feet, oo : 22°. Fahr. 
217 Pac See ; ; oF +5 & 
305 6 a : : GS56 22“ 
352 ; Bees 
From which it appears, that the soil at this place is frozen to the 
depth of about 400 feet. Observations kept at Yakutsk for a 
petual frozen earth, and where, even the superficial stratum in 
which they are imbedded, is frozen for nearly eight months of 
ihe year! As it is physically impossible that the roots of these 
trees can penetrate deep enough ¢ven to approach the stratum of 
invariable temperature in this high latitude, the whole plant, in- 
cluding the descending axis and its appendages, must, during the — 
winter, be exposed to a degree of cold considerably below the — 
zero ot Fahrenheit. _ we 
As it possible to imagine, that the sap of these trees remains 
in a climate where mercury is solid during one-sixth of 
the year, and where the stratum of perpetual ground-ice extends 
to the depth of 400 feet? Here we have an extreme cast, iD 
which it is sufficiently obvious, that no known combination of 
vital and physical causes could prevent the fluids contained in 
these plants from undergoing congelation every winter: the con- 
clusion seems, therefore, to be unavoidable, that they are actually 
Vide M. Mahlmaun’s table of mean tem) in K: ’s Complete Course 
of Meteorology. English ‘Translation by © V. Wiles as ad hg 7 p. 171. 
Erman wn the mean temperature of this place at 18°-5 Fahr. 
ia, trans 
+ Vide Adolph Erman’s Travels in Si ted the G by W- 
2D tp Philadelphia, 1850, vol. ii, p. 278, also Gaceee Rencus, (Paris) tome 
{ . Op. cit. supra., vol. ii, p, 279, — 
