PHRYGANEID&. 
other members of the genus, it prefers the deep shade of the forest, 
and is often found in streams which are littered with leaves but 
void of living vegetation. It occurs sometimes where the seepage 
from bogs furnishes scarcely enough water to submerge its case, 
and at other times it is found on the bottom of the deepest pools 
of upland streams. In the Cayuga Basin it is the most widespread 
member of the family. 
LarvaL Hasrts.—The larve spend their days crawling about 
or resting among the leaves of the stream. At night they are more 
active and feed almost unceasingly. They are bottom-dwellers 
that seldom climb into the vegetation. 
Unlike members of other genera of Trichoptera, this species, 
and probably other species of the genus, frequently abandon their 
cases. Often during spring the larve may be found without their 
cases, and in the winter they have been observed through the thin 
ice crawling naked among the leaves on the stream’s bottom. 
When they enter submerged trash their cases prove cumbersome, 
and are abandoned. How frequently this occurs one comes to 
realize when, while seeking the larve, he encounters case after 
case without its occupant, and seldom a case inhabited. The form 
of the case, also, indicates that they are not long retained. Their 
uniform diameter proves that they are constructed more rapidly 
than the diameter of the larve increases. 
That larve under natural conditions often find and enter their 
deserted cases is improbable, but in captivity the cases are usually 
reclaimed. Often, when several specimens are kept in the same 
aquarium, a caseless larva will enter the rear end of an inhabited 
case, crowding the owner out before him. The owner, when so 
treated, almost invariably crawls down the outside of the case and 
himself enters at the rear. Thus ownership many times alternates 
until finally one becomes discouraged and abandons the case to 
the other. 
A few weeks before time for pupation the larve seek places 
of safety in which to spend their inactive period of metamorphosis. 
Their hiding place may be the thick mat of roots along the stream’s 
edge, or it may be the soil of the stream’s bottom, but more often 
it is a water-soaked root or log. 
When pupation takes place among roots, the larva crawls deep 
into the thickly entangled root-mat of the bordering alders, where 
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