PHRYGANEID&. 
GENUS NEURONIA. 
Hasrtat.—Neuronia larve may be found in our fauna almost 
wherever there are slowly moving streams of spring water. Rarely 
they are found along the edge of the large warm streams where 
cool seepage enters. They prefer slowly moving water, but seem 
to have little preference whether it be a shallow seepage, barely 
deep enough to submerge their cases, or the deep pools of upland 
streams. In still water only N. concatanata has been taken. This 
occurs in Michigan Pond. 
LarvaL Hapirs.—The larve of Neuronia are bottom-dwellers 
whose habit is to crawl over the floor of their cold spring stream, 
or to rest among its trash and litter. They can, and do at times, 
climb about on the vegetation, but typically they are of the bottom. 
When the season for pupation draws near, the larve of Neu- 
ronia burrow into wood, or wedge themselves beneath bark, or in 
crevices, as do the larve of Phryganea, or if the stream bottom 
be of clay they may burrow into the soil itself. Pupal life beneath 
a loose, silty soil would be fatal. 
Larve pupating under natural conditions, as described above, 
do not shorten their cases. If kept in an aquarium, where oppor- 
tunities for burrowing are not at hand, the larve will cut off the 
case to a length slightly longer than its body and attach it to some 
supporting plant for pupation. 
Foop or THE Larva:.—Leaves of all kinds and in all states of 
preservation enter into the food of Neuronia larva. Dead leaves, 
however, are more frequently consumed than the leaves of living 
plants, but the choice seems due to the chance of environment 
rather than to a preference of appetite. On the bottoms of the 
streams where Neuronia occur, green plants are scarce. When 
they do occur they are eaten without discrimination. 
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS OF THE LArv#.—The only charac- 
ters yet discovered for separating the larve of this genus from 
those of Phryganea are the color pattern of the frons. All known 
larve of North American Neuronia have lateral markings on the 
frons, which may connect in U-like forms across the caudal region 
of the sclerite. A median stripe is never present. 
The larve are slightly more robust than those of Phryganea. 
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