PHRYGANEID&. 
DisTINcTIVE CHARACTERS OF THE Larva.—The larve are 
brightly colored with dark-brown or black on the yellow back- 
ground of the heavily chitinized parts of the head and prothorax. 
The abdomen and soft parts of the meso- and meta-thorax, in life, 
are green or reddish green. 
The body in cross-section is almost circular. The head turns 
down at an angle of about 45 degrees; the last abdominal segment 
also turns down. The prothorax is heavily chitinized above the 
cox and bears no tufts or sete; the meso- and meta-thorax are 
entirely soft except a minute pair of bristle tufts. The gills are 
finger-like and arise singly, the postsegmental gills of the median 
series bear fine black hairs—continuations of the lateral fringe. 
DEscRIPTION OF THE Larvai—The Head.—The head is long 
and somewhat flattened. Each antenna consists of a single short 
cylindrical segment set in a pyramidal base. The tips of the ventral 
margins of the epicrania are almost contiguous behind the some- 
what triangular gula. The labrum is broader than long, rounded 
into two lobes which are separated in front by a narrow area having 
its edge indented into about eight scallops; the margins of the la- 
brum are bordered with a rather sparse fringe of hair; four sete on 
the margin are pale in color and are curved inward so that they lie 
almost parallel to the margin, the other setze are normal; on the 
under side there are three pairs of spearhead-shaped sete with 
their points directed inward, these show through prepared mounts 
and often appear as if on the upper surface. The mandibles are 
stout, with more teeth on the left mandible than on the right; 
brushes on the mandibles are wanting. The lower mouth parts 
are well developed; the maxillary palpzee and maxillary lobes are 
about equal in length. - 
The Thorax.—The prothorax is heavily chitinized above the 
base of the forelegs. The venter is soft, except the somewhat tri- 
angular sternellum. The “horn” immediately in front of the 
sternellum is long, slender, and curved forward. The pleural su- 
ture is sunken, giving a grooved appearance to the hind margin 
of the segment. The trochantine is acute and spur-like, extending 
beyond the margin of the foreleg. Clusters of setz are lacking. 
The meso- and meto-thorax are soft, except the heavily chit- 
inized episterna and epimera. On the dorsal surface of each of 
2 17 
