B2 THE OtTTawa NarTURALIST. [July 
‘seen at, and in the vicinity of, Charles Island, Ungava, in Sep- 
tember, 1903. They were first observed in the sea, either singly, 
or two or three together. At the island they were numerous, and 
were moving about among the surf and boulders. Walruses 
were also encountered off Southampton Island. At this place 
numbers were resting themselves on the great sheets of floating - 
ice, and when approached would in the easiest manner simply 
slide over the ice into the sea. In August, 1904, numerous Wal- 
ruses were seen on floating sheets of ice, as we were sailing up 
the Greenland coast. ; 
Whilst at Coming Creek, North Devon Island, some of the 
party, intent on making researches regarding the geology and 
paleontology of the place, went ashore When in the small 
launch, a number of Walruses were seen swimming about in the 
bay. They were chased, and it was great amusement fo see 
them rolling themselves down into the water, in order to hide, 
and to see them coming up again, as they were compelled to do, 
in order to breathe. : 
Knowledge of the Seals is nearly as involved as is that of the 
Whales. (See p. 86.) Usually only their heads are seen above 
water, and viewed, as they often are, from a distance, it is some- 
times impossible to be sure of the species. The different kinds 
outwardly resemble one another, and there is considerable indi- 
vidual variation, occasioned by the creature’s time of life; and 
probably for other reasons, such as that of the patterns and 
markings in the sexes of a particular species. Indeed, one who 
has never been in the arctic regions cannot properly understand 
the obstacles to be overcome in studying out those creatures. 
With us, the best opportunities were in the iglows, or snow- 
houses, only dimly lighted by the stone lamps when the days were 
very short, and the sun low down in the heavens. 
Seals were observed dotted about here and there in the 
water at Winchester Inlet, in September, 1903, their heacs ap- 
pearing and disappearing as they sported themselves in this shel- 
tered place. At Fullerton, throughout the winter, seals were 
frequently seen. One day I observed two frozen-over openings, 
at places apart, the abandoned holes of seals. In the month of 
May, seeing a seal resting on the ice far away in the distance, I 
