1905] A NATURALIST IN THE FROZEN NortTu. 107 
Of Fishes, small Salmonoids were seen jumping at the mouth 
of the river at Nachvak. The Salmonoids are numerous, at least 
in individuals of particular species, in the far north, and were 
frequently caught through openings in the ice at Fullerton. 
Hundreds of Salmonoids were netted at Pond’s Inlet. The 
stomachs of those were crammed full of amphipods. A small 
trout was caught with the hand in a stream at Port Burwell. 
Cod-fish (Gadus callarias) were caught with the gigger at 
Port Burwell, and a number of small Gadoids was tound at 
Fullerton. A specimen of Lycodes, and one of Gymnelis, were 
dredged at Port Burwell, and a few specimens of two species of 
Blennioids at Fullerton. A Sand-launce (Ammodytes) was found 
at Eric Cove, lying on the beach at low tide, out of the water, and 
was alive, and no doubt was awaiting the return of the tide. 
Cottoids or Skulpins were numerous, and were the most common 
of the marine fishes observed. Great numbers of a species of 
fresh-water Stickleback were found in the ponds at Fullerton. A 
Basking Shark (Sommnzosus microcephalus) was seen in the hands 
of the Esquimo at Port Burwell. 
Several specimens of Ascidians or Tunicates were dredged. 
Among them two of Soltenta, one at Port Burwell (small), the 
other at Fullerton (large). The latter is of a red colour, and the 
stalk is covered with Sfivorbis, Polyzoans, and a bright pink alga. 
The crustacean fauna is very rich: the sea abounding with 
cirripedes, amphipods, decapods, and isopods: the fresh waters 
with copepods and phyllopods. 
Swarms of a bright red-coloured copepod of the family 
Diaptomida exist in fresh water ponds, formed of melted snow, in 
the barrens at Fullerton ; associated with which are numbers of 
so called water-fleas and also a species of phyllopod. 
These fresh-water crustaceans are probably the modified 
descendants of primitive kinds which throve in the glacial period; 
for as G. O. Sars points out, ‘tall the Copepoda pass through 
some free-living stages, the earliest of which is the well known so 
called Vauplian stage,” 
easy to believe that the parasitic forms have originally descended 
’ 
and, as he clearly demonstrates, ‘‘it is 
from free-living forms,’ 
must be sought for, not among the parasites, but among the free- 
so that ‘‘the most primitive characters 
