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the rookeries of Copper Isl. bear a peculiar character, 

 but the water-spaces, protected against the break-waters 

 existing. Copper Isl. is much narrower than Behring Isl. 

 the declinit}^ of the mountains are steep and do not form 

 terraces, set off into the sea; the sea shore is narrow, 

 principally stony and only in some places sandy. The 

 fur seals repose on a narrow beach, causing the rookeries 

 to stretch out in a narrow strip for many miles, inter- 

 cepted by jetty of the mountain-chain. 



The fur seals are obliged to climb up high on to the 

 shore between the rocks. On photographs taken from 

 mountains one can see the stony ground uncovered by 

 the tide. The only comparitively broad strand for rooke- 

 ries — is that of the Korabelny cape, so called Stolbi, where 

 the sea has destroyed layers of conglomerate, leaving a 

 separate post standing and a broad smooth shore. It 

 must be explained, that late in autumn and in winter, 

 when storms begin and cyclones pass over the Islands 

 and near them, the waves dash against the shore and 

 according to the photographs the waves beat higher than 

 half way up the post and single spra}^ touch the very 

 top of it, which is covered with vegetation. All along 

 the western shore of Copper Isl. there are submerged 

 rocks, forming an entire barrier, densely overgrown with 

 sea plants, preventing boats from passing in some places 

 entirely impassable through sea — weeds. Seals find food 

 here in abundance not having any competitors in the 

 numerous flights of sea-birds. The sea-otter keeps near 

 the boundaries of the fur seals rookeries, appearing only 

 in the sea near the rookeries after the departure of fur 

 seals, then the sea-otters spread along the whole shore. 

 The different kinds of places for rookeries on Copper 

 Isl., as shown on the photographs, depend on its geo- 

 logical construction, the same as on Behring Isl. The 

 vulcanic activity is more noticed on Copper Isl., where 

 in some places (f. inst. near Palata) the layers are placed 

 in an almost vertical position. The process of destruction 



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