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have fire-arms, the use of which produces a rapid exter 

 mination of walrus. 



Hunting w r alrus with a harpoon becomes a rarity 

 and soon the harpoon will only be mentioned by tra- 

 dition. The thick skin, as well as the dense cellular-tissue, 

 which is under the skin of the walrus is used. The 

 flesh and fat are used for food, not one part of its 

 inside is lost: the stomach, bowels, the bladder are used 

 in the household, as well as the long bones. 



The numerous kind of hair-seal (Phoca) have only 

 one specimen on Copper Island, which forms a small 

 rookery along the N. W. shore close to the sea-otters 

 rookery. The disappearance of the numerous rookeries 

 on Behring Island almost proves, that the geographical 

 conditions have changed rather, than that they have been 

 exterminated by man, because the rookeries disappeared 

 along the whole length of the Island. The rookeries on 

 Copper Island are accidentally preserved, being situated 

 near the rookery of sea- otters, that is in places, that are 

 guarded by special defence. Every year there are 

 captured from ioo — 200 hair seals on Copper Island. 

 The skins of large sized males are used for natives — ca- 

 noes, the remainder for local boots. The fat is prepared 

 to be kept for future use. Small skins of the hair seal 

 are used for lining snow-shoes. 



The Phoca fasciata Zimmerman must be classed among 

 those, that rarely visit the Islands. 



The Phoca largha appear more towards spring in 

 small quantities. 



The Phoca gronlandica rather frequent. 



Eumetopias Stelleri — the sea-lion has for half a century 

 left off being a constant inhabitant of the Commander 

 Islands, where in former times it used to breed. At pre- 

 sent, during summer time they appear singly, laying 

 amidst groups of fur seals and the females are sometimes 

 forced by them (then a generation is attained, which for 

 the sake of trade is exterminated, though from scientific 



