CASTKROPODA PULMONEA. 
33 
it lives under ground, and feeds chiefly on Luinbrici. M. de Fe- 
russac has observed, that wlien accidentally placed in too dry a 
situation, the mantle experiences a singular development, and 
furnishes it with a sort of shelter. 
Parmacella, Cuv. 
Have a membranoiis mantle with loose margins placed on the mid- 
dle of the back, and containing in its posterior portion an oblong, flat 
shell, the hind part of Avhich exhibits a slight rudiment of a spine ; 
the respiratory orifice and the anus, under the right side of the mid- 
dle of the mantle. 
Pa rm. Olivieri, Cuv. Ann. du Mus., V, xxix, 12 — 15. The 
first species known ; from Mesopotamia. 
Farm. palKoluni,Ye\'ufiS.., pi. vii, A. Inhabits Brazil. Some 
others are found in India. 
In the terrestrial Pulmonea with complete and apparent shells, the 
edges of tlie aperture in the adult are usually tumid. 
Helix, Lin. 
To this genus Linnieus referred all these species in which the aper- 
ture of the shell, somewhat incroached upon by the projection of the 
penultimate wliorl, assumes a crescent-like figure. 
AVhen this crescent of the aperture is as wide as it is high, or 
wider, it becomes the 
Helix, Brug. and Lam. 
Some of them have a globular shell. 
Of this number is the Helix pomatia, L., common in the gar- 
dens and vineyards of France, Avith a reddish shell marked with 
paler bands, an animal which in some places is considered a deli- 
cious article of food. The Hel. nemoralis, L., is another; whose 
shell is variously and vividly coloured ; in wet seasons it is very 
injurious to espaliers*. There are but few persons Avho have 
not heard of the curious facts respecting the reproduction of 
their amputated partsf. 
In others the shell is depressed, that is, the spire is flattened|. 
* Add the Hel. glauca, — H. citrina ; — H. rapa ; — H. castanca ; — H. yluhulus 
H. lactea; — H. arbustorum ; — H.fulva; — H. epistyliiun ; — H. cincta; — H. ligata 
H. aspersa; — 11. exiensa; — H. nemorensis ; — H. fruticumj — H. lucena; — H. vittata 
H. rosacea; — H. ifalia; — H. lusitanica; — H. aculeata ; — H. turturum ; — H. cretacea ; 
H. ficscescens ; — H. terresfris ; — H. nicea ; — H. hortensis; — H. lucorum; — H. gi-isea ; 
H. hamastoma; — H.pulla; — H. venusta; — H.picta, Gmel, &c. 
•f See Spallanzani, Schoeffer, Bonnet, &c. 
X Hel. lapicida; — H. cicatricosa ; — H. cegoplifalmus ; — H.oculus capri; — H. ulbella 
— H. maculata ; — H. algira ; — H. Icevipes ; — H. vermiculata ; — H. exilis ; — H. cara- 
colla ; — H. cornu militare; — H. pellis serpentis ; — H. Gualteriana ; — H. ocidis C07»inu- 
nis ; — H. margiiiella ; — H. maculosa; — H. neevia; — H. co7-rugafa; — H. ericetomm ; — 
H. nitens ; — H. cosfata ; — H. pulchella ; — H. cellaria; — H.obrolu/a; — II- streigosula; 
— H.radiata ; — H. crystallina ; — H. ungulbia ; — II. rolnthis ; — II. involvulus ; — H. 
badia ; — H. conru venulorivm, &c. 
VOL. III. U 
