ACKPHALA NUDA. 
113 
Of tlie Salp^, properly so called, some have a gelatinous dark co- 
loured plate, in the sidjstance of the mantle and above the visceral 
mass, which may be the vestige of a shell * * * § . 
In others it is a simple prominence, of the same nature as the rest 
of the mantle, but thicker f . 
Others again have neither plate nor prominence, but their mantle 
is extended by points, and of these 
Some have a point at each extremity 
Others have two at the extremity nearest the mouth §, and even 
three or more ||. 
Some have but a single one at this same extremity^. 
The greater number is simply oval or cylindrical**. In the 
Ascidia, Lin . — Theyton of the Ancients, 
The mantle and its cartilaginous envelope, which is frequently very 
thick, resemble sacs everywhere closed, except at two orifices, whicli 
correspond to the two tubes, of several bivalves, one serving to admit 
water and the other affording a passage to the fjeces. 7’he branchiae 
form a large sac, at the bottom of which are the mouth and the vis- 
ceral mass. The enA^elope is much larger than the mouth, Avhich is 
fibrous and vascular, and on which, between the two tubes, is one of 
the ganglions. These animals attach themselves to rocks and other 
bodies, and are deprived of all power of locomotion ; the chief sign 
of vitality which they exhibit, consists in the absorption and evacu- 
ation of water through one of their orifices ; when alarmed they eject 
it to a considerable distance. They abound in every sea, and some of 
them are eaten ff . 
♦ Salpa scuHgera, Cuv. Ann. du Mus., IV, Ixviii, 4, 5, probably the same as the 
Salpa gibba, Bose., Vers, II, xx, v. 
•t SaJpa Tilesii, Cuv., loc. cit. 3 ; — S. punctata, Forsk., xxv, C. ; — S', pelagira, 
Bose., loc. cit., 4; — S. infundibuliformis, Quoy and Gaym., Voy. de Freycin., 
Zool. 74, f. 13. 
J Salpa maxima, Forsk., xxxv, A ; — S. fusiformis, Cuv., loc. cit., 10, perhaps 
the same as Forsk., xxxvi ; — S. mucronata, Ib., D ; — S. aspera, Chamisso, f. iv ; — 
S. rnneinata, Id., f. v, G, H, I. But, according to the author, it is the aggregate 
generation of a species, of which the other generatian is cylindrical. 
§ Salpa democratica, Forsk., xxxvi; — S. longicauda, Qnoy and Gaym., loc. cit., 
pi. 73, f. 8 ; — S. constata, Ib., f. 2. 
II Salpa tncuspis. Ih., f. & •, — S. s/nnosa, Otto., Nov. Ac. Nat. Cur., t. pi. xlii, 
f. 1. 
^ Holothuria zonaria, Gm., Pall., Spic., X, i, 17 ; — Thalia lingulata, Blumenb., 
Abb., 30. 
** Salpa octofora, Cuv., loc. cit., 7 ; perhaps the same as the small Dagysec, 
Home, loc. cit., Ixxiii, 1 : — S. africana, Forsk., xxxvi, C ; — S.fasciata, Ib., D; — 
S. corifederata, Ib., A ; perhaps the same as the S. gibba, Bose., loc. cit., 1, 2, 3 ; — 
S. pulycratica, Ib., F ; — S. cylindrica, Cuv., loc. cit., 8 and 9; — Dagysa striimosa, 
Home, I, c., Ixxi, I ; — S. ferruginea, Chamiss., X: — S. cccrulescens. Id., ix ; — S. na- 
ginata, Id., vii, and several others. 
-f-l- The whole genus Ascidia, Gm., to which must be added the Asc. gelatinosa, 
Zool. Dan. xliii ; — Asc. pyriformis, Ib., clvi ; — Salpa sipho, Forsk., xliii, C ; — Ascidia 
microsma, Redi, Opusc., Ill, PI., App., VII, the same as the Asc. sulcata, Coque- 
bert. Bullet, des Sc. Avril, 1797, I, 1; — Asc. glandiformis, Coqueb., Ib. — N.B, 
VOL. III. I 
