ISRANCHIOPODA. 215 
with respect to its characters, in order that they may be clearly defined. 
According to Muller we find in the 
Cythere, MiXlL — Cytherina Lam. 
Eight simple feet * * * § , terminating in a point, and two equally sim- 
ple setaceous antennae, composed of five or six joints, furnished with 
scattered hairs. They are found in the salt and brackish waters of 
the sea-coast among the F uci and Confervae f . 
Cypris, Mull. 
But six feetj; the two antennae terminated by a bundle of setae 
resembling a pencil. 
The shell forms an oval, laterally compressed body, with an arcu- 
ated and convex back, or towards the hinge ; the opposite side is 
almost straight, or slightly emarginated or reniform. Before the 
hinge and on the median line is the eye, forming a large, blackish, 
round point. The intermediate antennae, inserted above, are shorter 
than the body, setaceous, composed of from seven to eight joints, the 
last of which are shortest and terminated by a bundle of twelve or 
fifteen setae, serving as fins. The mouth consists of a carinated 
labrum, two large dentated mandibles, each furnished with a triarti- 
culated palpus, to the first segment of which adheres a small branchial 
leaf with five digitations §, and two pairs of jaW's. The two supe- 
rior are much the largest, and have four moveable and silky appen- 
dages on their internal margin, and a large, pectinated, branchial 
lamina on their anterior edge; the second are composed of two joints, 
with a short, nearly conical, inarticulated palpus ||, silky at the end, 
as is the extremity of the jaws themselves. A sort of compressed 
sternum fulfils the functions of a lower lip The feet are divided 
into five joints, the third representing the femur, and the last the 
tarsus. The two anterior feet, inserted under the antennse, are 
much shorter than the others, incline forwards, and are furnished 
with rigid setae, or long hooks united in a bundle at the extremity 
of the last joints. They are deficient in the four following feet. The 
second, situated in the middle of the under part of the body and at 
first directed backwards, are arcuated and terminated by a long and 
strong hook inclining forwards. The tw’o last are never visible cx- 
* It is probable there are but six. See Cypris, note f. 
i* If thes eEntomostraca inhabit salt-water exclusively, it is easy to see that Jurine 
and other observers whose geographical position limited their researches to the 
fresh-water genera, could not have spoken of the former. See Mull., Entom., 
Cythere, andDesmar., Consid., p. .387, 388, LV, 8. 
X Four according to Randohr, and eight according to Jurine ; the first consider- 
ing the two last as appendages of the males, and the second looking upon the palpi 
of the mandibles and the branchial laminae of each upper jaw' — the two first feet of 
his second division of the body, those which he says are composed of but one joint 
and terminated in a dentated spoon — as so many feet. The latter does not include in 
this number those which the former considers as sexual organs ; he states them — 
p. 161, 166 — to be five jointed threads issuing laterally from the pouch of the 
matrix, of the use of which he is ignorant. 
§ Interior lip, Randohr. 
II Forked in the Cypris striyata, Id. 
^ E.xteiior lip. Id. 
