PULMONARIjE. 
283 
Lister says that Spiders dart their threads in the same way that the 
Poi’ciqdne darts his quills, Avith this difference, however, that in the 
latter, according to the popular belief, the spines are detached from 
the body, whereas in the former, these threads, though propelled to 
a considerable distance, always remain connected with it. The pos- 
sibility of this has been denied. Be it as it may, we have seen 
threads issuing from the mammillae of several Thomisi from straight 
lines, and, when the animals moved circularly, producing moveable 
radii. A second use to which this silk is applied by the female Ara- 
neides is in the construction of the sacs destined to contain their 
eggs. The texture and form of these sacs are variously modified, 
according to the habits of the race. They are usually spheroidal ; 
some of them resemble a cap or tymbal, others are placed on a 
pedicle, and some are claviform. They are sometimes partially en- 
veloped with foreign bodies, such as earth, leaves, &c. ; a finer 
material, or sort of tow or down, frequently surrounds the eggs in 
their interior, Avhere they are free or agglutinated and more or less 
numerous. As they are voracious animals, the males, in order to 
avoid a surprise and to prevent themselves from falling victims to 
their premature desires, approach tlieir females in the nuptial season 
with the greatest circumspection and mistrust. They cautiously and 
repeatedly touch them, and frequently for a long time before they 
yield to their wishes, and when this is the case they quickly and 
repeatedly apply the extremity of their palpi to the inferior surface 
of the abdomen, protruding at each time, and as if by a spring, the 
fecundating organ contained in the button formed by the last joint of 
those palpi, and insinuate it into a sub-abdominal slit, near the base 
and between the respiratory orifices ; after a moment’s interval the 
same act is repeatedly performed. Such is the mode of copulation of 
a small number of species belonging to the Orbitelae. It is impos- 
sible to avoid feeling the most lively interest in reading what has 
been written upon this subject by that learned naturalist, who of all 
others has most profoundly studied these animals, the celebrated 
Walckenaer, member of the Acad, des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres. 
The apparatus of the male organs of generation, or at least of what 
are considered as such, is usually highly complicated and very various ; 
it consists of scaly pieces, more or less hooked and irregular, and of .a 
white fleshy body, on which sanguineous looking vessels are some- 
times perceptible, which is considered as the fecundating organ, ])ro- 
perly so called ; but in the Arachnides with four pulmonary sacs, and 
in some belonging to the division where there are but two, the last 
joint of the palpi of the males only exhibits a single hqrny piece in 
