PTJLMONARIiE. 
285 
Most of them perisli in winter, but tliere are some which live several 
years — sucli are the Mygales, the Lycosa, and probably several others. 
Although Pliny states that the genus Phalangium is unknown in 
Italy, we still presume that these latter Araneides and other large 
species which weave no web, as also the Galeodes and Solpugae, are- 
the animals they collectively designated by that name, and of which 
they distinguished several species. Such also was the opinion of 
Mouffet, who, in his Theat. Insect., p. 219, has figured a Lycosa or 
Mygale, of the island of Candia, as a species of Phalangium. 
Lister was the first and most successful observer of the Spiders, 
whose habits he was enabled to study ; those of Great Britain laid 
the foundations of a natural arrangement, of which most of those 
that have been since published are mei’e modifications. The more 
recent discovery of species pecrdiar to hot climates, such as the 
Araignee magonne described by the abbe Sauvages, and some others, 
the use of the organs of manducation introduced into the system by 
Fabricius, a more exact study of the general disposition of the eyes, 
and of their respective sizes, with that of the relative length of the 
legs, have all contributed to extend this classification. Walckenaer 
has entered into the most minute of these details, and it would be a 
difficult matter to discover a species that could not find its place in 
some one of his divisions. One character, however, existed, the ap- 
plication of which had not been made general : I allude to the pre- 
sence or absence of the third terminal hook of the tai'si. Savigny, so 
far as this is concerned, has given us a new method, of which, how- 
ever, I have only seen a simple sketch*. 
M. Leon Dufour, who has published many excellent memoirs on the 
anatomy of Insects, who has especially studied those of Valencia, 
among which he has detected several new species, and to whose 
labours the science of Botany is not less indebted, has paid particular 
* See Walck., Faun. Franc., note to genus Atta. 
We knew nothing of the observations of M. Savigny on the Spiders, which accom- 
pany the plates of Nat. Hist, of the great work on Egypt, until long after our arti- 
cle relative to the same animals was printed. 
That gentleman — Hist. Nat. ut sup. — establishes the following genera in the 
family of the Araneides : 1. Ariadne, near that of Segestria, having but six eyes, 
of which the two intermediate posterior ones are further forwards ; — 2. Lachesis, 
near Drassus, but with the hooks of the Chelicerae, (forcipules, Savign.,) very small; 
— 3. Erigone, also allied to Drassus as well as to Clubiona ; thorax very high 
before ; second joint of the palpi spinous, and dilated into an angle or tooth at the ex- 
tremity ; — 4. Hersilia, allied to Agelena and Theridion of Walckenaer; feet long 
and slender, the superior nails bidentate ; eyes united on an eminence, arranged in two 
transverse lines, and curved backwards ; two very long fusi forming a tail ; 5. Arach- 
NE, which does not appear tons to differ from Angelena ; — 6. Argyopes, Epeira: 
whose anterior, lateral eyes are much smaller than the others ; — 7. Enyo, fifth 
family of the Theridion, Walck. ; — 8. Ocyale, second family of the Dolomedes, Id. 
