QUADRUMANA. 49 
have no forehead, and the cranium retreats from the crest of the eye-brow. 
The name of CuimpansEs might be exclusively applied to them. 
S. troglodytes, L. (The Chimpanse)* is covered with black or 
brown hair. Could any reliance be placed on the accounts of tra- 
vellers, this animal must be equal or superior to man in stature, but 
no part of it hitherto seen in Europe indicates this extraordinary 
size. It inhabits Guinea and Congo, lives in troops, constructs huts 
of leaves and sticks, arms itself with clubs and stones, and thus re- 
pulses men and elephants; pursues and abducts, as is said, negro 
women, &c. Naturalists have generally confounded it with the 
Ourang-Outang. When domesticated he soon learns to walk, sit, 
and eat like aman. We now separate the Gibbons from the Ou- 
rangs. 
Hirozates, J/lig. 
The Gibbons have the long arms of the true Ourangs, and the low fore- 
head of the Chimpanse, along with the callous buttocks of the Guenons, 
differmg however from the latter in having no tail or cheek-pouch. They 
all inhabit the most remote parts of India. 
S. lar. L.; Buff. XIV. 2; Onko, Fred. Cuv. pl. 5 and 6, (the 
Black Gibbon) is covered with coarse black hairs, and has a whitish 
circle round his face. 
H. agilis, Fred. Cuv. pl. 83and 4; Petit Gibbon of Buffon, XIV. 3, 
(the Brown Gibbon) is brown—the circle round the face is of a pale 
red; the lower part of the back is of the same colour. The young 
are of a uniform yellowish white—it is very agile, and lives in pairs 
—its Malay name, Wouwouw, is taken from its cry. 
S'. leucisca, Schreber, pl. 3, B, (the Cinereous Gibbon) is covered 
with a soft and ash-coloured wool. The visage is black—lives among 
the reeds, and climbs to the tops of the highest branches of the bam- 
boos, where it balances itself by its long arms. We might separate 
from the other Gibbons the Siamang. 
S. syndactila, Raff., Fred. Cuv., pl. 2, (the Siamang) has the 
second and third toes of the hind foot united by a narrow membrane, 
the whole length of the first phalanx. It is black—the chin and 
eyebrows red—lives in numerous troops, which are led by courageous 
and vigilant chiefs, which, at sunrise and sunset, make the forest 
ring with the most frightful cries. Their larynx has a membranous 
sac connected with it. 
All the ensuing monkeys of the eastern continent have the liver divided 
* This is the Quojas morou, or the Satyr of Angola, of Tulpius, who gives a bad 
figure of it, (Obs. Med., p. 271), and the Pygmy, much better represented by Tyson, 
(Anat. of a Pygmy, pl. 1), copied by Schreber, pl. 1, B. Scotin had given a toler- 
able drawing of it, copied Amen. Acad. VI. pl. 1, fig. 3, and Schreber, 1, C. An in- 
dividual that lived with Buffon, and which is still preserved in the Museum, is repre- 
sented, though badly, in the Hist. Nat. XIV. 1, where he is called Jocko. The same 
specimen is much better in Lecat (Traité du Mouv. Muscl. pl. 1, fig. 1), under the 
name Quimpese. Audebert gives the same, but from the stuffed specimen only—he 
calls it Pongo. 
WO. I. E 
