CARNARIA, 65 
ORDER ITI. 
ies 
CARNARIA(a).—CARNIVOROUS ANIMALS. 
Tuts order consists of a considerable and varied assemblage of ungui- 
culated quadrupeds, possessing, like Man and the Quadrumana, the three 
sorts of teeth, but which have no opposable thumb to their fore-feet. 
Their food is animal, and the more exclusively so, as their grinders are 
the more trenchant. Those which have them, either wholly or in part 
tuberculous, live more or less on vegetable substances, and those in which 
they appear with conical points, live principally on insects. The articu- 
lation of their lower jaw, having a cross-wise direction, and its parts being 
combined on the principle of the hinge, is incapable of horizontal motion, 
and possesses merely the faculty of opening and of closing. 
Their brain has the usual depressions, but it has no third lobe, nor 
does it lie upon the cerebellum in these animals any more than it does in 
the families hereafter to be described; their orbit is not separated from 
the temporal fossa in the skeleton, the cranium is narrowed and the zygo- 
matic arches widened and raised, in order to give more strength and vo- 
lume to the muscles of their jaws. Their predominant sense is that of 
smell, and their pituitary membrane is generally spread over numerous 
bony lamine. The fore-arm has the power of rotating in nearly all of 
them, although with less facility than in the Quadrumana, and they never 
have in the fore-feet thumbs opposable to the other toes. Their intes- 
tines are less in volume in consequence of the substantial nature of their 
food, and in order to prevent the putrefaction which flesh would necessa- 
rily experience in being kept too long in a canal of great length. 
Besides, their forms and minute portions of their organization vary 
considerably, and are the source of analogous varieties in their habits, and 
to a degree which makes it impossible to arrange their genera upon one 
common scale, so that it becomes indispensable to form them into several 
families, which are variously connected together by multiplied relations. 
{<= (a) From some experiments recently performed in the Zoological Gardens in 
Regent’s Park, it would appear that Carnivorous Mammalia fed with two meals a 
day, are by no means in such good condition as those which have the same quantity 
of flesh in one meal only. Two Leopards were chosen for the first experiment. 
One, which weighed 91]bs., was fed in the usual manner, on 4lbs. of beef every day 
in one meal—the other, which weighed 1004lbs., was supplied with the same quan- 
tity of beef, but one-half was given in the morning and the other half in the even- 
ing. After an interval of five weeks, during which the animals were fed in this way, 
they were weighed; when it was found that, whilst the Leopard that had his food all 
at once, gained 1lb. in weight; the other lost $lb., and his temper became very 
much worse. Two Hyznas were subjected to a similar experiment, which was at- 
tended with pretty nearly the same results.—Ene. Ep. 
