74: MAMMALIA. 
ball: there is no tail; the muzzle is very pointed, and the teeth are very 
different. There are four or six incisors, and two great canines in each 
jaw. Behind the canines are one or two small teeth, and four triangular 
and bristled molars. Three species are found in Madagascar, the first of 
which has been naturalized in the Isle of France. It is a nocturnal ani- 
mal, which passes three months of the year in a state of lethargy, although 
inhabiting the torrid zone. Brugiére even assures us that it is during the 
greatest heats that they sleep. 
Erinaceus ecaudatus, L.; Buff. XII. lvi. (The Tenrec). Co- 
vered with stiff spines; only four notched incisors below. It is the 
largest of the three, and exceeds the common hedgehog in size. 
Erinaceus setosus, L.; Buff. XII. lvii. (The Tendrac). The 
spines more flexible and setaceous; six notched incisors in each jaw. 
Erinaceus semi-spinosus. (The radiated Tenrec). Covered with 
bristles and prickles blended; striped with yellow and black; its six 
incisors and canines are all slender and hooked: size hardly that of 
a mole*, 
CriapogaTes, Fr. Cuv.—Touraia, Raff. 
These compose a genus newly established from the Indian Archipelago. 
Their teeth would greatly resemble those of the hedgehog, were it not that 
their middle upper incisors are shorter in proportion, that they have four 
elongated ones in the lower jaw, and that they want the tubercular behind. 
The animal is covered with hair, has a long shaggy tail, and, contrary to 
the habits of other insectivora, climbs trees with the agility of a squirrel; 
the pointed muzzle, however, makes the animal easily distinguishable even 
at a distance}. 
Sorex, Linn. 
The shrews are generally small, and covered with hair. Under this, 
and upon each flank, there is a small band of stiff, thickly set setw, from 
between which, in the rutting season, oozes an odorous humour, the pro- 
duct of a peculiar gland{ (a). The two middle upper incisors are hooked 
* Buff. Suppl. IIT. pl. 37, has mistaken it fora young Tenree. Voy. alaChine, IT, 
p- 146, gives a bad description of the teeth. 
+ The banaring ; Cladob. javanica, Fr. Cuy.; Tupaia javanica, Horsf. Jay. ;—Cl. tana, 
Fr. Cuv.; Tup. tana, Horsf. ;—Clad. ferruginea, Fr. Cuv.; Tup. ferruginea, Raff. The 
genus Gymnura of Vigors and Horsfield—Zoolog. Journ. III. pl. 8, appears to ap- 
proximate to Cladobates by the teeth, and to the Shrew by its pointed snout and scaly 
tail. There are five unguiculated toes to each foot, and tolerably stiff sete growing 
among woolly hairs. It can only be properly classed when its anatomy is known. 
t See Geoff. Mem. du Mus. vol. 1, p. 299. 
& (a) On each side of the body of this animal there are two sets of glands, one 
set being destined to secrete milk, whilst the other is intended for very different pur-- 
poses. In the early life of the Shrew, this latter apparatus appears to be merely a 
longitudinal projection, having no marked characters; but, when the period arrives 
which exposes the animal to sexual excitement, the projection becomes considerably 
enlarged, and dotted with innumerable ceca (or minute bladders), which are attached 
to the body of the gland, and resemble a series of bristles in a brush. The ceca 
open on the projection of the gland, which has only one duct towards the external 
surface, and from this the mucus is secreted, whose powerful odour performs so re- 
markable an agency in the bringing of the male and female together.—Ena. Ep. 
