CARNARIA. Si 
U. americanus, Gm.; Fr. Cuv. Mammif.; Schreb. pl. 141, B. 
(The North American Black Bear). A very distinct species, with a 
flat forehead, smooth and black fur, and fawn-coloured muzzle. We 
have always found the small teeth behind the canines more numerous 
in this bear, than in the European species. Individuals have been 
seen that were entirely fawn-coloured. Its usual food is wild fruits; 
it devastates the fields, and, where fish is abundant, proceeds to 
the shores for the purpose of catching it. It is only for want of 
other aliment that it attacks quadrupeds. The flesh is held in great 
esteem. ‘There is another Black Bear found in the Cordilleras, with 
a white throat and muzzle, and large fawn-coloured eyebrows, that 
unite on the forehead—U. ornatus, Fr. Cuv. Mammif. 
The East Indies also produce several bears of a black colour, such 
as the 
U. malaianus, Horsf. Java. (The Malay Bear). From the Pe- 
ninsula beyond the Ganges and the islands of the Straits of Sunda. 
Smooth; black; fawn-coloured muzzle; a heart-shaped spot of the 
same colour on the breast. It is very injurious to the cocoa nut 
trees, which it climbs in order to devour their tops and drink the 
milk of the fruit. 
U. thibetanus, Fr. Cuv. Mammif. (The Thibet Bear). Black; 
the under lip and a large mark in the form of a Y in white on the 
breast; profile straighter and claws weaker. From the mountains 
in the north of India. 
But the most remarkable of these Bears of India is the 
U. labiatus, Blain.; LZ’ Ours jongleur, Fred. Cuv. Mammif.; U. 
longirostris, Tied. (The Thick-lipped Bear). The cartilage of 
the nose dilated; the tip of the under lip elongated, both being 
moveable; when old, very thick bushy hairs round the head. The 
facility with which the incisors are lost, occasioned it for a long time 
to be considered as a Sloth*. It is black; the muzzle and tips of 
the paws fawn-coloured or whitish, and a half collar or spot in the 
form of a Y under the neck and breast. This animal is a favourite 
with the Indian jugglers, which they lead about on account of its 
deformity. 
U. maritimus, L.; Cuy. Ménag. du Mus., 8vo., p. 68; copied, 
Schreb. pl. clxi. (The Polar Bear). This is another species, very 
distinguishable by its long and flattened head and its white and 
ing excepted, it closely resembles the Brown Bear; its nails, however, are much 
longer and more trenchant. It appears to be a distinct species. 
M. Horsfield, Lin. Trans. XV. 332, describes a bear from Nepaul, of a light bay 
colour, whose nails are less trenchant than those of the other bears of India, and 
which appears to him a distinct species. 
I have neglected stating in the text that we have recovered many fossil bones of 
lost species of bears, the most remarkable of which are the U. speleus, Blumenb., 
with a rounded forehead, and of a very large size; and the U. cultridens, Cuv. See 
the fourth vol. of my “ Ossemens Fossiles.” 
* It is the Bradypus ursinus of Shaw, and the genus ProcuiLus, Illig. See Jour. 
de Phys. of 1792, vol. xl. p. 136. 
VOL. I. : G 
