92 MAMMALIA. 
C. lycaon, L.; Buff. 1X, xli. (The Black Wolf). Also inha- 
bits Europe, and is sometimes, though rarely, found in France*. 
The fur is of a deep and uniform black, with a little white at the 
end of the muzzle, and a small spot of the same colour under the 
breast. It is said to be more ferocious than the common wolf. 
C. mexicanus, L. (The Mexican Wolf). Reddish grey, mixed 
with black; circumference of the muzzle, under part of the body, 
and the feet white; size that of the Common Wolf}. 
C. jubatus, Cuv.; Agoura-Gouazou, Azzar. (The Red Wolf). 
A fine cinnamon-red; a short black mane along the spine. From 
the marshes of South America. 
C. aureus, L.; Schreb. XCIV. (The Chacal or Jackal). Less 
than the preceding; the muzzle more pointed; of a greyish brown; 
thighs and legs of a light fawn colour; some red on the ear; the 
tail scarcely reaching further than the heel. It is a voracious ani- 
mal, which hunts like the dog, and in its conformation, and the faci- 
lity with which it is tamed, resembles the latter more closely than 
any other wild species. Jackals are found from the Indies and the 
environs of the Caspian sea, as far as and in Guinea; it is not cer- 
tain, however, that they are all of one species. Those of Senegal, 
for instance, C. anthus, Fr. Cuv. Mammif., stand higher, appear to 
have a sharper muzzle, and the tail a little longer. 
Foxes may be distinguished from the Wolf and Dog by a longer and 
more tufted tail, by a more pointed muzzle, by pupils, which, during the 
day, form a vertical fissure, and by the upper incisors being less sloping. 
They diffuse a fetid odour, dig burrows, and attack none but the weaker 
animals. This subgenus is more numerous than the preceding one. 
C. vulpes, L.; Buff. VII. vi. (The Common Fox). More or 
less red; tip of the tail white; found from Sweden to Egypt. Those 
of the north have merely a more brilliant fur. There is no constant 
difference to be observed between those of the Eastern continent 
and those of North America. The Calopex, Schreb. XCI., or the 
Collier, which has the end of the tail black, and is found in the same 
countries as the common one; the Renard croisé, Id. XCI. A, or 
the Cross Fox, which is only distinguished by a streak of black 
along the spine and across the shoulders; the Fox the French fur- 
riers call the Z'urk, which is of a yellowish grey, with the end of the 
tail white, are, perhaps, mere varieties of the common one. The 
following species, however, are very distinct. [See App. VII. of 
Am. Ed. | 
C. Azure, Pr. Max; Aguarachai, Azz. (The Brazil Fox). Grey; 
* We have seen four individuals taken and killed in France. It must not be con- 
founded with the Black Fox, among whose synonymes Gmelin has placed it. [See 
Append. VI. of Am. Ed. | 
¢ This character is taken from a specimen brought from Mexico, and presented 
to the Cabinet du Roi by M. de Humboldt. Those which have been drawn by au- 
thors from the bad figure of Recchi, inserted in Hernandez, p. 479, must be reject- 
ed. Messrs. Say and Harlan, Faun. Amer., mention two other species of wolves, 
Can. latrans and Can. nubilus, which require to be examined and compared. [ See 
Append. ut sup. of Am. Ed. 
