154 MAMMALIA. 
FAMILY It. 
sos 
PACHYDERMATA ORDINARIA, 
Or the ordinary Pachydermata, which have either four, or three, or two 
toes. 
Those in which the toes make even numbers have feet somewhat cleft, 
and approximate to the Ruminantia in many respects by the skeleton, and 
even by the complication of the stomach. ‘They are usually divided into 
two genera. 
Hippopotamus, Lin. 
Four nearly equal toes, terminated by little hoofs to each foot; six 
grinders throughout, of which the three anterior are conical; the three 
posterior bristled with two pairs of points, which, when worn, assume a 
trefoil shape; four incisors to each jaw, the superior of which are short, 
conical, and recurved, the inferior cylindrical, long, pointed, and sloping 
forwards; a canine tooth on each side above and below, the superior 
straight, and the inferior very large and curved, the two wearing each other 
by constant attrition. 
These animals have a very massive body without hairs; very short 
legs; the belly reaching nearly to the ground; an enormous head, termi- 
nated by a large inflated muzzle, which incloses the apparatus of their 
large front teeth; the tail short; the ears and eyes small. Their sto- 
mach is divided into several sacs.. They live in rivers, upon roots and 
other vegetable substances, and exhibit much ferocity and stupidity. One 
species only is known. 
H. amphibius, L.; Buff. Supp. III. 4 and 5. (The Hippopota- 
mus). Now confined to the rivers of the middle and south of Africa. 
It formerly found its way into Egypt by the Nile, but has long dis- 
appeared from that country (a). 
The bones of a species of Hippopotamus very similar to that of 
Africa, and those of two or three other successively smaller ones, 
have been found in Europe. See my Rech. sur les Oss. Foss. tom. 1. 
Sus, Lin. 
The Pigs, or Hogs, have, on all their feet, two large middle toes armed 
with strong hoofs, and two much shorter lateral ones that hardly reach the 
ground; there is a variable number of incisors, the inferior of which al- 
ways slant forwards; the canines project from the mouth, and curve up- 
Kes (a) The hippopotami were found to be quite formidable, as enemies, in the ri- 
vers of South Africa, by the late British expedition, which sailed under the command 
of Captain Owen. ‘These animals cast their young in November, and at certain pe- 
riods of their growth are used as food by the Indians.—En«. Ep. 
