160 MAMMALIA. 
Fossil Tapirs are also scattered throughout Europe; and among 
others is a gigantic species, which in size must have nearly equalled 
the Elephant (a). Tap. giganteus, Cuv. Oss. Foss., tom. I1.* 
FAMILY III. 
—— 
SOLIPEDES. 
Tne Solipedes are quadrupeds which have only one apparent toe, and a 
single hoof to each foot, although under the skin, on each side of their 
metatarsus and metacarpus, there are spurs representing two lateral toes. 
One genus only is known, that of 
Eauus, Lin. 
The Horse has six incisors in each jaw, the crowns of which, at an 
early age, are marked with a fossula, and six molars throughout, with a 
square crown, marked by lamine of enamel which dip into them, with 
four crescents, and in the upper ones, with a small disk on the inner edge. 
The male has also two small additional canines in the upper jaw, and 
sometimes in both, which are almost always wanting in the female. 
Between these canines and the first molar is that unoccupied space which 
corresponds to the angle of the lips where the bit is placed, by which 
alone Man has been enabled to subdue these powerful animals. The 
stomach is simple and moderate, but the intestines are very long, and the 
cecum enormous. The mamme are between the thighs. 
E. caballus, L.; Buff. 1V.i. (The Horse). This noble asso- 
ciate of Man, in the chase, in war, and in the works of agriculture, 
the arts, and commerce, is the most important and carefully attended 
of all the animals which we have subdued. It does not seem to 
exist any longer in a wild state, except in those places where Horses 
formerly domesticated have been set at liberty, as in Tartary and 
America; there they live in troops, each of which is led and defended 
by an old male. The young males, forcibiy expelled as soon as they 
become adults, follow the troop at a distance, until they are able to 
attract some of the younger mares. 
The domestic colt sucks six or seven months, and the sexes are 
* Dr. Roulin has lately discovered in the Cordilleras a new species of Tapir, black 
and covered with hair; the bones of its nose are more elongated, which somewhat 
approximates it to the Palzotherium. 
M. Schleyermacher has obtained a lower jaw bone of the great fossil animal that 
was supposed to be a gigantic Tapir. It turns out that it is possessed of enormous 
canines, which must have projected from the mouth; consequently, it must form a 
separate genus. Its size may have been greater than that of the Hippopotamus by 
one half. 
{CF (a) There is a model in most museums of a tooth of this animal, which was 
found in a perfectly fresh state in Grenoble. The tooth itself is in the collection of 
Mr. Bakewell, the distinguished geologist.~Ene. Ep. 
