RUMINANTIA. 169 
Louisiana Deer). Less than the Fallow Deer of Europe, and of a 
more graceful figure; the muzzle more pointed; of a light fawn 
colour in summer, reddish-grey in winter; the under part of the 
throat and tail white at all times; inferior third of the tail black with 
a white tip. The horns of the male, shorter than in the European 
species, are round, smooth, whitish, they bend outwards, forming an 
arc of a circle inwards and forwards; the tines are inserted into their 
posterior face, that at the base excepted; they sometimes amount to 
five or six*. 
The species inhabiting warm climates do not change their colour. 
There are several of these in South America, of which we have as 
yet no complete account, nor sufficiently comparative characters, 
Such are 
C. paludosus, Desm.; Gauzou-Pouco, or Great Red Stag, Azz. 
It appears to have straighter horns than the preceding; skin of a 
bright bay, with a black stripe on the forehead, and black rings round 
the point of the feet. It prefers marshy grounds. 
C. campestris, Fr. Cuv.; Guazouti, Azz. Antlers short and 
straight, with tines front and back, which become numerous (Oss. 
Foss. IV. pl. iii. f. 46—48); fawn coloured; belly, inner’ sides of 
the thighs, buttocks and tip of the tail, white.} 
There are also several in the East Indies. 
C. axis, L.; Buff. XI. xxxviii, xxix. (The Indian Stag or Axis.) 
Fawn coloured at all times, spotted with pure white; under part of 
the throat and that of the tail white; tail fawn coloured, edged above 
with white; round antlers, which become very large with age, but 
which never have more than one tine near the base, and the point 
forked. Originally from Bengal, but propagating easily in Europe. 
It was known to the Romans. 
Several other Stags with two tines like the Axis are found in 
India, which have been distinguished but lately. There is one of 
them, 
C. Aristotelis, Cuv.; which has long hairs on the neck and throat, 
and which, inhabiting the north of India, must correspond with the 
Hippelaphus of Aristotlet. 
C. capreolus, L.; Buff. VI. xxxii, xxxiii. (The Roebuck of 
Europe.) With but two tines to its antlers; of a fawn coloured 
grey; buttocks white; without lachrymal sinuses, and scarcely any 
tail. Some individuals are of a very vivid red, and others black- 
ish. This species lives in couples; inhabits the high mountains 
of the temperate parts of Europe; sheds its antlers towards the 
close of autumn, reproduces them during the winter; copulates in 
November, and is gravid five months and a half. The flesh is held 
* See my Oss. Foss. IV. pl. v. f. 1—17. The Cervus mexicanus, Penn, and Oss. 
Foss. pl. v. f. 23, may have been a very old Virginia Stag. 
+ Add Cervus nemoralis, Ham. Smith. Also Cerv. macrotis, Say. 
* Add the C. kippelaphus; C. Wallichii; C. Mariannus ; C. Lechenaulti; C. Pe- 
ronii ; C. equinus ; and with respect to these species, see my Oss. Foss. tom. IV. and 
the figure of Hamilton Smith in the work of Griffith. 
VoL. 1. o 
