180 
“, MAMMALIA. 
inhabited all the temperate parts of Europe. It is the largest 
quadruped proper to Europe. 
B. bison, L.; B. americanus, Gm.; Buff. Supp. II. v.; F. Cuv. 
Mammif. (The Bison of America, or Buffalo of the Anglo-Ame- 
cans). The bony head very similar to that of the Aurochs, and 
covered like it, the neck and shoulders also, with frizzled wool, 
which becomes very long in winter; but its legs, and particularly its 
tail, are shorter. Inhabits all the temperate parts of North America. 
Crosses with cows. 
B. bubalus, L.; Buff. XI. xxv.; Wild Ox of Arachosia of Aris- 
totle. (The Buffalo). Originally from India, and brought into 
Egypt, Greece, and Italy, during the middle century; has a convex 
forehead, higher than wide, the horns directed sideways, and marked 
in front by a longitudinal ridge. This animal is subdued with diffi- 
culty, but is extremely powerful, and prefers the marshy grounds and 
coarse plants on which the Ox could not live. Its milk is good, and 
the hide very strong, but the flesh is not esteemed. 
There is a race of them in India, whose horns include a space of 
ten feet from tip to tip: it is called 4rni in Hindostan, and is the 
Bos arni of Shaw. 
B. frontalis, Lambert, Linn. Trans. VII. pl. 4; and F. Cuv. 
Mammif. (The Gyall or Jengle Ox). Resembles the domestic Ox 
in the greater part of its characters, but its horns are flattened from 
before backwards, and are without angular ridges. They are di- 
rected sideways and more or less upwards, but not backwards. The 
hair is short and black, except on the forehead, and on a line along 
the back, where it is grey or fawn-coloured, and on the legs, where 
it is white. It is a domestic race in the mountain districts of the 
north-west of India, and which is perhaps descended from a cross 
between the Buffalo and the common species. 
B. grunniens, Pall.; Grunting Cow of Tartary, &c.; Sch. 
CCXCIX. A. B. (The Yack, or Horse-tailed Buffalo). A small 
species, with the tail completely covered with long hairs like that of 
the Horse, and a long mane’on the back. Its head appears to re- 
semble that of the Buffalo, but the horns have not been sufficiently 
described. This animal, of which A¢lian has spoken, is originally 
from the mountains of Thibet. Its tail constitutes the standards 
still used by the Turks to distinguish the superior officers. 
B. caffer, Sparm.; Schr. CCCI. (The Cape Buffalo). Very 
large horns, directed sideways and downwards, ascending from the 
point, flattened, and so wide at their base that they nearly cover the 
forehead, merely leaving between them a triangular space, the apex 
of which is above. It is avery large animal, of an excessively 
ferocious disposition, inhabiting the woods of Caffraria. 
B. moschatus, Gm.; Schr. CCCII.; La Téte, Buff. Supp. VI. 
iii. (The Musk Ox of America). The horns approximated and 
directed as the preceding, but meeting on the forehead in a straight 
line; those of the female are smaller and more widely separated; 
