PASSERINE. 233 
hooked at the tip. They are also foreign, and their form passes by in- 
sensible gradations to that of the Fauvets and other Motacille*. 
In some of these straight-billed Shrikes that organ is very stout, and 
its lower mandible much inflated}. 
Others, whose bill is straight and slender, are remarkable for vertical 
tufts of feathersf. 
Around these Shrikes, properly so called, some other subgenera, which 
differ from them more or less, form natural groups. Such are the 
Vanca, Buff. 
Which have a large bill, very much compressed throughout, its tip 
much hooked, and that of the inferior mandible bent upwards||. 
OcyprERus§, Cuv. 
The bill, conical, rounded, without a ridge, slightly arcuated towards 
the end, with a very fine point slightly notched on each side; the feet 
rather short, and the wings as long as the tail, and even longer; from 
which circumstance their flight is rendered similar to that of the Swallow; 
but they have the courage of the Shrikes, and do not fear to attack even 
the Crow**. 
* Le Blanchot, Vaill. Afr. 285, (Lan. icterus, Cuv.) or T’amnophilus, Vieill. Galer. 
139.—The Grand battara, Azz., or Tamnophilus magnus, Pr. Max., or Th. albiventer, 
Spix, 32.—The tchagra, Vaill. 70, (Lan. senegalensis, Spix, Lan. collurio melanoce- 
\ phulus, Gm.) Enl. 479, 1, and 279, 1.—The Fourmilier huppé, Buff. (Turdus cirrha- 
tus, Gm.) The Pie-gr. & huppe rousse d’ Amerique, (Lan. canadensis, Gm.) Enl. 479, 2, 
is the female.—The Tachet, Vaill. 77, (Lan. punctatus, Sh.).—The Pie-gr. rayée de 
Cayenne (Lan. doliatus) Enl. 297, 2, or radiatus, Spix, 35, 2.—The Pie-gr. bridée, 
(Lan. virgatus, Tem.) Col. 256, 1—'The Pie-gr. masquée, (Lan. personatus, Id., or 
Lan. nubicus, Licht.) Col. 256, 2.—The Thamnophilus lineatus, Spix, 33.—Th. strigi- 
latus, Id. 36, 2.—Th. melanoceph. Id. 39, 1.—Th. leuconotos, Ib. 2. 
The Pie-gr. rousse de Madag. (Lan. rufus, Gm.) Enl. 298. 
It is also among these straight-billed Shrikes that must be placed the Geai longup. 
Vaill. 42, (Lan. galericulatus, Cuv.), but it leads to the Vanga. 
I also place here that bird which has been so bandied about by naturalists, the 
Merle de Mindanao of Buff. Enl. 627, Turdus mindanensis, Lath. and Gm. the same 
as their Gracula saularis, Little Pie of the Indies, or Dial-Bird, Albin. III. 17 and 
18, Edw. 181, Vaill. Afr. 109, (Sturnus solaris, Daud.)—and even the erat boulan 
(furdus orientalis), Enl. 273, I1., might be approximated to it, but is also very 
closely allied to the Turdoides. 
The genus Tamnopuitus cr Battara of Vieillot is formed by one of these 
straight-billed Shrikes, but is so badly determined that other authors have referred 
to it, Vireos, &e. 
¢ Lanius lineatus, Leach, Zool. Miscell. pl. vii—Thamnophilus guttatus, Spix, 35. 
$ The Geoffroy, Vaill. Afr. 80 and 81, and Vieill. Gal. 142 (Lan. plumatus, Sh.), 
of which Vieill. has made his genus Prionops, or Bogadais, Galer. 142, and the 
Manicup. Buff. Enl. 707 (Pipra albifrons, Gm.), which has nothing more in common 
with the Pipra than a somewhat unusual prolongation of the union between the two 
external toes. Vieill. has made his genus Piruys, Galer. 129, from it. 
|| The Vanga, Enl. 228, (Zan. curvirostris, Gm.) and new species, such as the /. 
destructeur, Cuv. Col. 273.—The V. strié huppé, Voy. de Freye. pl. xviii and xix, or 
Thamnophilus Vigorsii, Zool. Journ. Supp. VII. and VIII. 
§ Ocypterus or oxypterus—rapid wings, pointed wings—the Greek name of an un- 
known bird, very applicable to these. It is from my genus that Vieill. has made 
his genus ARTAMUS. 
** Sonnerat, First Voy. p. 56. 
VOL. I. x 
