PASSERINE. 9A1 
Hofmansegg and Iliger, with equal propriety, separate from the crown- 
birds . 
Procnias, Hofman. 
The commissure of whose bill, which is weaker and more depressed, 
extends under the eye. They inhabit America, and feed on insects. 
We may subdivide them still more. 
The Procntas, properly so called, have the throat furnished with fea- 
thers. 
One species, Ampelis carunculata, Gm., Enl. 793, is distinguish- 
ed by a long, soft caruncle on the base of the bill. In the perfect 
state it is white, at all other times greenish. 
The Averanos (CAsMARHYNCHos, Tem.) are Procnie with a naked 
throat. 
In one species, the naked portion of the male’s throat is covered 
with fleshy caruncles. Itis the 4verano of Buff. IV. p.457; Amp. 
variegata, Lin.; Col. 51. 
Another, Procn. araponga, Pr. Max. Col. 368, and 383, or Cas- 
mar ecarunculatus, Spix, 4, only has some very small, thinly scatter- 
ed feathers in that place. These birds are white in their perfect 
state; the young male and the female are greenish. 
Finally, directly after the crown-birds should come 
GymwnopvErus, Geoff. 
In which the bill is only a very little stronger; but the neck is partly naked, 
and the head covered with velvet feathers. The species known is also from 
South America. It is mostly frugivorous, is of the size of a pigeon, black, 
with bluish wings; it is the Gracula nudicollis, Sh.; the Corvus nudus 
and the Gracula fetida, Gm. Enl. 609*. 
Epouius}, Cuv. 
Belong also to the great series of the Fly-catchers; the bill is depressed 
and emarginate at the end; its upper ridge is acute; but what distin- 
guishes it is, that both mandibles are slightly arcuated throughout their 
length; the nostrils are covered with feathers, and there are, besides, long 
hairs forming mustachios. 
The species are numerous in the countries bordering on the In- 
dian Ocean. They are generally of a black hue, have a forked tail, 
and live on insects; some of them, it is said, sing as sweetly as the 
Nightingale f. 
ae ee 
* The species of Vaill., Ois. de l’Ameriq. et des Indes, pl. xlv. and xlvi. is, per- 
haps, different. 
_ N.B. Vieillot unites Graculus, Gymnoderus, and Cephalopterus, in his genus Co- 
_RACINA. 
+ Vieillot has preferred the name of Dicrurvus. 
_ ¥$ Species. Lanius forficatus, Gm., Enl. 189, Vaill. Afr. 1V. 166, and Vieill. Gal. 
— :141.—Lanius malabaricus, Shaw, Vaill. [V. 175, Sonnerat, Voy. aux Indes et ala 
Chine, pl. xevii, which is also the Cuculus paradiseus, Briss. 1V. pl. xiv. A. 1.—La- 
nius cerulescens, Gm., Edw., pl. xlvi, Vaill. Afr. 1V. 172.—Corvus balicassius, Gm., 
