PASSERINE. IAS 
OrtoLteE TANAGERS. 
The bill conical, arcuated, pointed, and notched at the end*. 
CaRDINAL TANAGERS. 
Bill conical, somewhat vaulted, an obtuse salient tooth on the side ti 
RAMPHOCELINE TANAGERS ie 
A conical bill, the branches of whose lower mandible are enlarged 
behind§. 
Turpus, Lin. 
The Thrushes have a compressed and arcuated bill, but its point is not 
hooked, and its emarginations do not form such deep notches as in the 
Shrikes; as we have already stated, however, there are gradual transitions 
from one genus to the other. 
Their regimen is more frugivorous, generally feeding on berries. Their 
habits are solitary. 
The term Thrush is more particularly reserved for those species in 
which the colours are uniform, or are distributed in large masses. The 
most widely disseminated is, 
T. merula, L., Naum. 71. (The European Blackbird). The 
male (Enl. 2), is entirely black, with a yellow bill; the female (Enl. 
555), is brown above; reddish brown beneath; the breast spotted 
with brown. It is a very mistrustful bird, but is easily tamed, and 
can be taught to sing well, and even to speak. It remains in Europe 
during the whole year. 
A neighbouring species, which, however, is a bird of passage, and 
prefers the mountains, is, 
T. torquaius, L.: Le Merle a plastron blanc; Enl. 168 and 182; 
* The T. gularis, Enl. 156—pileata, 720, 2, and speculifera, Spix, 36, 1, approach 
the Motacille by their more slender bill. TZ. nigricollis, 720, 1, is a true motacilla, 
a sort of Regulus with a rather large bill. 
} T. cristata, Enl. 7, 2, and 301, 2, of which the 7. brunnea, Spix, 49, 2, is the 
young.—nigerrima, Enl. 179, 2, and 711.—olivacea.—archiepiscopus, Desm. Spix, 56, 
2.—Tan. rufiventer, Spix, 50, 1.—rufigularis, td., 56, 5.—Saira, Id. 48, 1.—viridis, 
Ib.2. This division has been named Tacuyruonus, by Vieillot, Gal. 82. 
But we should also refer to it his genus Pyranea, which is solely founded on an 
individual deformity. We shall name his species Tan. cyanictera. 
The Palmiste, Buff. Enl. 509, 1 (Turd. palmarum, Gm.), Vieill. Am. IT. 69, also 
belongs to it; its notch is scarcely sensible, and it almost wholly disappears in a 
neighbouring species, of which Vieillot has made his genus IcrErra, Ict. dumicola, 
Vieill., Am. and Gal. pl. Ixxxv, or Pipra polyglotta, Wils. I. vi. 2. This species leads 
to Ploceus. Tanagra mississipiensis, Enl. 742, or T. estiva, Wils. Am. VI. 3, 4.— 
T. rubra, 156, 1.—T. ludoviciana, Wils. Ill. xx. 1. 
N.B. Swainson separates the 7. tatao, and some others, from the Tanagers, under 
the name of AcrArA, and makes a genus of my Tanagers a bec fin, called SPERMAGRA. 
* From this Vieill. has made his Jacapa, or RAMPHOCELES, Galer. 79. 
§ Tanagra jacapa, Enl. 128.—T. brasilia, Enl. 127, 1.—T. nigrogularis, Spix, 47. 
N. B. The Tanagra atricapilla, 809, 2, and the guyannensis are Shrikes. The 7. 
cristatella, Spix, or F’ringilla cristata, Gmel., T. graminea and T’. ruficollis, Spix, 53, 
are Buntings. 
