PASSERIN A. 245 
Some of these birds appear to approach the Shrikes in habits, although 
there is nothing in the form of their bill which can distinguish them from 
other Thrushes*. 
There are no sensible characters by which we can distinguish certain 
African Thrushes, which live in flocks, as numerous and noisy as Star- 
lings; feed on insects, and do much mischief in gardens. Several of 
them are remarkable for the brilliant tints of their plumage, which is of 
a browned steel colour}, and one of the former, for its cuneiform tail, 
which is one-third longer than the body{. 
We consider it proper to approximate to it the Thrush of New 
Guinea, whose tail is three times the length of the body, and has a 
double tuft on the head, which has been considered a Bird of Para- 
dise —Paradisea gularis, Lath. and Shaw; Par. nigra, Gmel.; 
Vaill. Ois. de Par. 20 and 21; Vieill. Ois. de Par. pl. viii. and 
Galer. 107, but only on account of the singularity and the incom- 
parable magnificence of its plumage§. 
Add, of species foreign to Europe, with the breast or under part of the body spot - 
ted: 7. rufus. Gm., Enl, 645, and Vieill. Am. 59.—T7". fuscatus, Vieill. Am. 57, bis.— 
T. minor, Gim., or T. mustelinus, Wils., or Gr. tanneé, or Gr. solitaire, Vieill. Am. 62 
and 63.—T. interpres, Kuhl., Col. 458. 
With the throat only spotted, at least in the adult, T. migratorius, L. Enl. 556; 
Catesb. 29; Vieill. Am. 60, 61.—T. ocrocephalus, Col. 186.—T. plumbeus, Enl. 560, 
Vieill. Am. 58.—T. Falelandie, T.—T. olivaceus, Gm.—The grivron, Vaill. Afr. 98. 
—T. campestris, Pr. Max. 
With the flanks only spotted, T. punctatus, Sh. Zool. N. Holl. I. pl. ix, which is the 
genus CincLosoma, Vig. and Horsf., Lin. Trans. XV. p. 219. 
Of those foreign birds not spotted underneath, 7. brasiliensis, Lath.—T. perspicil- 
latus.—T. melanotis, or Reclameur of Vaill., or ZT. vociferans, Zool. Ul. 179.—T. 
nevius, Vieill. Am. 66.—TZ. lividus, or Chatbird of Wils. 14, 2.—T. citrinus, Tem. 
Col. 445.—T. rubripes, Id. 409.—T. leucogaster, Enl. 648, 1.—T. madagascariensis, 
Enl, 557, 1.—T. australasie, Sh. Nat. Miscel. 1013.—Malurus frenatus, Tem., Col. 
385.—T. pectoralis, Enl. 644, 1.—T. cinnamomeus, Enl. 560, 2.—T. rufifrons, Enl. 
644, 10. ‘These last three species have been improperly referred by Buffon to the 
Ant-catchers. 
N. B. Turdus aurocapillus, Lath., Enl. 398, 2, and Vieill. Am. 64 (Motac. aurocap., 
L.), is a true Motacilla, and must be placed with the Fauvets.—Turdus calliope 
(Lath. Syn. Supplement, fig. of the title), should go with the Redbreasts.—Turdus 
cayanus, Enl. 515, is a female Ampelis.—7. guyanensis, Enl. 398, fig. 1, is a female 
of the Tanagra dominica, Enl. 156, 2, of which Vieill. has made his Dulus palmarum, 
Gal. 146. 
* We have already spoken, while on the Shrikes, of some species usually placed 
among the Thrushes, such as Turdus zeilonus, Enl. 272. It seems, we might also 
approximate to it the 7. cafer, Enl. 563, Vaill. 107, which differs very little even in 
colouring from the Lanius jocosus, Enl. 508. These two species would also take 
along with them the 7. capensis, Enl. 317, Vaill. 105, and the 7. chrysorrhecus, 'Tem., 
Vaill, 107. 
On the other hand, it would be difficult to separate from the xeilonus, the Hausse- 
col noir, Vaill. Afr. 110, and the Cravate noir, Id. 115. 
{ Particularly Turdus auratus, Enl. 540 (Nabirop, Vaill. Afr. 89), and Turdus 
nidens, Enl. 561, (Couigniop, Vaill. 90.) 
Here also come the Oranvert (T. chrysogaster, Gm. Enl. 358); the Spréo (7. 
bicolor, Gm.), Vaill. Afr. 88; the jaunoir (7. morio), Enl. 199, Vaill. Afr. 83, or the 
Corvus rufipennis, Sh.; and probably the Eclatant, Vaill. 85, and the Choucador, Id. 
86, (Corvus splendidus, Sh.) 
{ Turdus eneus, Enl. 220 (Vert dore, Vaill. 87). 
§ Vieillot has given to this bird the generic name of ASTRAPIA. 
N.B. I think it is proper to approximate to the Thrushes, which are allied to the 
Shrikes, the Muscicapa carinata, Swains. Zool. Ill. 147, of which Vigors and Hors- 
field make their genus MonarcuHa. 
