270 BIRDS. 
Frineinia, Cuv. 
The bill of the Finches is somewhat less arcuated than that of the 
Sparrows, a little stronger and longer than in the Linnets. Their man- 
ners are more lively, and their song more varied than those of the former. 
There are three species in France: 
Fring. celebs, L.;'Pincon ordinaire, Enl. 54,1; Naum. 118. 
(The Chaffinch). Brown above; beneath, a vinous-red in the male, 
greyish in the female; two white bands on the wing; some white on 
the sides of the tail. Feeds on all sorts of grain, and builds indis- 
criminately on all kinds of trees. No bird contributes more to en- 
liven the country. 
Fring. montifringilla, L.; Pincgon de montagne; Enl. 54, 2; 
Naum. 119. (The Mountain Finch). Black, mottled with fawn 
colour above; fawn-coloured breast; under part of the wing of a 
beautiful lemon. This bird, which varies greatly, builds in the 
thickest forests, and never visits the plains till winter. 
Fring. nivalis, L.; Niverolle, Briss. III, xv, 1; Naum. 117. 
(The Snow Finch). Brown, mottled with a paler tint of the same 
colour above; whitish beneath; bead ash coloured; coverts of the 
wings, and nearly all the secondary quills, white. The throat of the 
male black. It builds among the rocks of the upper Alps, where it 
only descends in the middle of winter to the lower mountains (a). 
CarbvuELis, Cuv. 
The Linnets and Goldfinches have an exactly conical bill, without the 
least convex protuberance at any point. They live on grain. Those 
which have a little longer and more pointed bill, are styled GotpFINcHEs. 
Fring. carduelis, L.; Enl. 4; Naum. 124, 1, 2. (The Common 
Goldfinch). One of the prettiest birds in Europe. Brown above, 
whitish beneath; the mask of a beautiful red; a fine yellow spot on 
the wing, &c. It is also very docile, quickly learns to sing and to 
play all kinds of tricks. It prefers the seeds of thistle, eryngium, 
&c.* (6). 
Linaria, Bechst. 
The Linnets aiso have an exactly conical bill, but it is shorter and more 
capensis, c, Enl. 389, 2, and g, Enl. 664, 2;—Tanagra silens, Enl. 742, of which 
Vieill. has made his genus ARREMON, Gal. 78;—Fring. elegans, Enl. 205, 1, Vieill. 
Gal. 64;—Le pape, Emberiza ciris, Enl. 159, which forms the genus PassErrna, 
Vieill. Gal. 66;—Lozia oryx, Enl. 6, 2;—Lox. ignicolor, Vieill. Ois. Chant. 59;— 
Loxia dominicana, En. 55, 2, and the other species, Enl. 103;—Fringilla cristata, 
Enl. 181;—the Dioch (Emb. quelea), Vieill. Ois. Chant. 23;—the Dioch rose. Id. 24; 
—Lox. capensis. The latter begins to approach the Grosbeaks (a). 
* Add, Fr. psittacea, Lath. Syn. II, p. 48;—Fr. melba, Edw. 128 and 272;—Fr. 
pease Vieill. Ois. ch. pl. xxxi;—Fr. leucocephala, Lath. Id. 26;—Fr. magellanica, 
. 30. 
25° (a) Several American species are described by Wilson.—Ene. Ep. 
GS (b) Add, Pyr. orythrophthalma, Wils. II, pl. x, f.5;—BP. iliaca, Wils. 111. 
p. xxii, f, xiv.—Ena. Ep. 
