PASSERINE, 279 
sounds. It builds in the woods of Europe, and lives in pairs or in 
small flocks*. 
Caryocatactzs}, Cuv. 
The Nutcrackers have the two mandibles straight, equally pointed, and 
without any curve. There is only one species known. 
Corvus caryocatactes, L.; Enl. 50; Naum. 58,2; Viceill. Gal. 
105. (The Common Nutcracker). Brown; the whole body spot- 
ted with white. It builds in the hollows of trees, in dense mountain 
forests, climbs trees and perforates their bark like the Woodpeckers, 
feeds on all kinds of fruit, insects, and small birds. Flocks of them 
sometimes descend into the plains, but at very irregular intervals. 
It is celebrated for its confidence t. 
Tema §, Vaiil. 
The tail and carriage of the Pies, with an elevated bill, whose upper 
mandible is arched, the base furnished with velvet feathers, almost like 
the Birds of Paradise. 
The most anciently known, Corvus varians, Lath.; Vaill. Afr. 56; 
Vieill. Gal. 106, is of a bronze green. It is found in Africa and in 
India]|. 
Guavucoris**, Forster. 
The same bill and carriage, but there are two fleshy caruncles under 
the base of the former. 
The species known, Glaucopis cinerea, Lath. Syn.I, pl. xiv, is 
from New Holland, and is the size of a Pie; blackish, with a cunei- 
form tail. It feeds on insects and berries, and perches but seldom. 
Its flesh is highly esteemed. 
* Add, Corvus cristatus, Enl. 529, Vieill. Gal. 102; Corv. Stelleri, Vaill. Ois. de 
Par. &c. 1, 44;—Corv. sibiricus, Enl. 608;—C. canadensis, Enl. 530, and a variety, 
Vieill. 48 ;—C. cristatellus, or C. cyanoleucos, P. Max; Col. 193;—C. ultramarinus, T. 
Col. 439 ;—C. torquatus, T. Col. 44;—C. floridanus, Ch. Bonap. I, xiii, 1. 
¢ Vieill. has changed this name into Nucifraga. 
} N.B. The Corvus hottentottus, 226, appears to us to be allied to the Tyrants;— 
C. balicassius, 603, is a Drongo;—C. calvus, Enl. 521, a Gymnocephalus; C. Nove 
Guinee, Enl. 629, and C. papuensis, Enl. 639, belong to Graucalus, Cuv.;—C. specio- 
sus of Sh. is the Rollier de la Chine, Enl. 620, and belongs to the Dentirostres. Tem. 
makes a Pyroll of it, Col. Enl. 401;—C. flaviventris, En]. 249, is a Tyrant;—C. mexi- 
canus is probably a Cassicus or a Weaver, and C. argirophialmus, Brown, Ill. 10, is 
certainly one;—C. rufipennis, Enl. 199, is a Thrush, the same as Turdus morio;—C. 
cyanurus, Enl. 355, C. brachyurus, Enl. 257 and 258, and C. grallarius, of Shaw, Enl. 
702, are Ant-catchers;—C. carunculatus, Daud., a Philedon. 
We have approximated C. pyrrhocoraz, Enl. 531, to the Thrushes, and C. graculus, 
Enl. 255, to Upupa. We are of opinion that C. eremita does not exist. The C. ca- 
ribecus, Aldroy. 788, is a Bee-eater, the account of which has been stolen by Duter- 
tre to describe an object of which he had no recollection: finally, C. gymnocephalus, 
Tem. Col. 327, appears to us to belong to the family of the Dentirostres. 
§ Vieillot has changed this name into CrypsiriNna, Gal. 106; Horsfield into that 
of PHRENOTRIX. Temminck unites Tem1A with GLaucoris. 
|| Add Glaucopis leucoptera, Tem. Col. 285 ;—Gi. temnura, Id. Col. 337. 
*# Bechstein substitutes the term Calleas for that of Glaucopis. 
