CLIMBERS. 303 
PrrRocrossvs, Illig.— ARacant, Buff. 
The bill not so thick as the head, and invested with a more solid horn; 
their size is less, and the ground of their plumage green with some red 
or yellow on the throat and breast*. 
Psirracus, Lin. 
The Parrots have a stout, hard, solid bill, rounded on all sides and en- 
veloped at base by a membrane in which the nostrils are pierced, and a 
thick fleshy and rounded tongue; two circumstances which give them the 
greatest facility in imitating the human voice. Their inferior larynx, 
which is complicated and furnished on each side with its three muscles, 
also contributes to this facility. Their vigorous jaws are set in motion 
by a greater number of muscles than is found in other birds. Their in- 
testines are very long, and they nave no cecum. They feed on all sorts 
of fruit, climb among the branches of trees by the aid of their bill and 
claws, and build their nests in the cavities of trees. Their voice is natu- 
rally harsh and disagreeable, and they are almost universally ornamented 
with the brightest colours, hardly any of them being found beyond the 
torrid zone. They exist however in both continents, the species of 
course differing in each. Every large island even has its peculiar species, 
the short wings of these birds not allowing them to cross any great extent 
of water. The Parrots, consequently, are very numerous: they are sub- 
divided by the forms of their tails and some other characters, 
Among those which have a long cuneiform tail, we first distinguish 
Ara, Kuhl. 
The Aras, or Maceaws, whose checks are divested of feathers. They 
are American species, most commonly very large, and their plumage 
extremely brilliant, on account of which many of them are sent alive to 
Europet. 
The other long-tailed Parrots have the common name of 
Cornurus, Kuhl, 
Or Paroquets. Le Vaillant divides them into the 
Ara-Paroaquets, 
Which have a naked space round the eye; they inhabit America like the 
Arat: and into the 
Sa a ee Oe os OEM RAL 
* Ramph. viridis, Enl. 727, 728, Vaill. 16, 17;—aracari, Enl. 166, Vaill. 10, 11, 
Vieill. Galer. 30;—piperivorus, L., or Culik. Wagler, Enl. 577, 729, Vaill. 13 and 14; 
—Pterogl. sulcatus, Swains. Zool. Il. 44, Col. 356;—>picatus, Albin. II, 25;—Az- 
zar@, Vaill. Suppl. A;—inscriptus, Swains. Zool. Il. 90;—bailloni, Vaill. 18 ;—maculi- 
rostris, Vaill. 15, and Suppl. AA. 
t Psitt. macao, L., Vaill. 1;—Ps. aracanga, Enl. 12, Vaill. 2;—Ps. tricolor, Vaill. 
5;—Ps. hyacinthinus, Lath., or Anodorhynchus Mazimiliani, Spix, X1;—Ps. ararauna, 
Enl. 36;—Ps. militaris, Vaill. 4;—Ps, severus, Vaill. 8, 9, 10;—Ps. macawuanna, Enl. 
864, Vaill. 7;—<Arara purpureo-dorsalis, Spix, XXIV. 
t Ps. guyannensis, Enl. 167, 407; Vaill. 14, 15;—Ps. squamosus, Shaw, Miscell. 
1061;—Ps. vittatus, Vaill. 17;—Ps. versicolor, Enl. 144, Vaill. 16;—Ps. solstitialis, 
_Vaill. 16—19; or Aratinga chryso-cephalus, Spix, XIV. His Aratinga luteus is a 
vaxiety. 
