GALLINACE&. 309 
Crax pauxi, L.; Pierre, &c.; Enl. 78; Vieill. Galer. 200, 
(the Stone Bird), has an oval tubercle on the base of its bill, of a light 
blue colour and a stony hardness, almost as large as its head. This 
bird is black; the lower part of the belly and the tip of the tail 
white. It lays its eggs on the ground. Its original habitat is not 
exactly known. The trachea descends externally along the right 
side to behind the sternum, where it inclines to the left, and ascends 
to enter the thorax, through the fourchette. All its rings are com- 
pressed. 
There is another species, which, instead of the tubercle on the 
bill, has a red salient crest. The belly and tip of the tail are chest- 
nut colour. It is the true Mittu of Marcegrave; Ouwrax mittu, Tem. 
Col. 153; Crax galeata, Lath.; Crax tomentosa, Spix, |xiii*. 
PENELOPE, Merr. 
The Guans or Yacous} have a slenderer bill than the Hoccos; the 
circumference of the eyes is naked, as well as the under part of the throat, 
which is generally susceptible of being inflated. 
Several varieties of colour are found also among these birds, be- 
tween which it is very difficult to establish specific limits. Those 
which have a tuft are sometimes of various shades of brown or 
bronze—Penelope jacupema, Mer. II, xi; sometimes spotted on 
the breast— Penelope cristata, L., Edw. 13{; sometimes black, 
with the same spots, and more or less white on the tuft and coverts 
of the wings—Penelope leucolophos, Mer. II, xii, or Pen. cuma- 
nensis, Gm.; Jacq. Beytr. pl. 10; Bajon, Cay. pl. 5, or Pen. jacu- 
tinga, Spix, pl. Ixx. Some of them are intermediate between these 
two extremes,—Pen. pipile, Jacq. Beytr. pl. xi. 
The trachea, at least in the first, descends under the skin far be- 
hind the posterior edge of the sternum, ascends, is again flexed, and 
then continues its course towards the fourchette, through which, as 
usual, it gains access to the lungs. A species almost without crest, 
Pen. marail, Enl. 338, Vieill. Gal. 198, greenish-black, with a 
fawn-coloured belly, appears very distinct. Its trachea, in both 
sexes, forms a curve at the upper part of the sternum, just before it 
dips into the thorax. 
Ortatipa, Merr. 
Or the Parraquas, only differ from the Yacous by having but little of the 
naked space on the throat, and about the eyes. 
* Add, Crax tuberosa, Sp. LXVII, a;—Cr. uramutum, Id. LXII. N.B. The 
Chacamel, Buff. (Crax vociferans), founded on a vague indication of Hernandez, cap. 
XLI, is not authentic. Sonnini even thinks it may be the Falco vulturinus. The 
Caracara of Buff. and Dutertre is the 4vami (Psoputa). 
+ Gouan and Yacou are the names of these birds in Guiana and Brazil. That of 
Penelope, given to them by Merrem, designated among the Greeks a species of duck, 
which, according to them, had saved the wife of Ulysses from drowning, when a 
child. 
t The P. jacuaza, jacucaca, jacupeba, jacubemba, guttata, and arra cuan, of Spix, 
LXVITI—LXXYV, closely approach the P. cristata, if they are not mere varieties of 
it. The P. marail, Vieill. Gal. 198, corresponds most with the jacupeba. 
