318 BIRDS. 
Some of these birds, foreign to Europe, are remarkable for a 
double spur*, or for the naked skin of their throaty. In others 
these characters are united}, and in certain large billed species 
the spurs are altogether wanting§. The 
Common PARTRIDGES 
Have a somewhat weaker bill; the spurs of the males are either short, 
or mere simple tubercles; they are deficient in the female. 
Tetrao cinereus, L.; Eni. 27; Frisch. 114; Naum. Ist ed. pl. 
3, f. 3. (The Grey Partridge). Bill and feet, ash-coloured; head, 
fawn-coloured; the plumage of various shades of grey; a maronne 
spot on the breast of the male. This common bird, which consti- 
tutes so important an item in the luxuries of the tables of Euro- 
peans, lives and builds in their fields. 
Tetr. rufus, L.; Enl. 150. (The Red Partridge). Bill and feet 
red; brown above; flanks speckled with red and cinereous; throat 
white, surrounded with black; prefers the hills and rising grounds. 
The flesh is white and dry. The south of France produces 
Perdix greca, Briss.; Per. saxatilis, Meyer; La Bartavelle, 
Enl. 231; Frisch, 116. Which only differs from the Red Partridge 
in its superior size and more ash-coloured plumage. It is found 
along the great mountain ranges||. 
CoTuRNIX. 
Quails are smaller than Partridges, with a slenderer bill and shorter 
tail; no red eye-brow nor spurs. Every one knows 
Tetrao coturnix, L.; Enl. 170; Frisch, 117; Naum. 4, f. 4. 
(The Common Quail). Back brown, waved with black; a pointed 
white stripe on each feather; throat brown; eye-brows whitish. 
Found in the fields of Europe, and celebrated for its migrations; 
during which this heavy bird finds means to cross the Mediterra- 
nean4{. 
* Tetrao bicalcaratus, L.; En]. 137;—Perdix Clappertoni, Rupp., pl.ix, can hardly 
be said to differ from it;—spadiceus, Sonn. II, 169;—xeélonensis, Ind. Zool. pl. xiv. 
—The Perdix cruenta, Tem. Col. 322, has three and even four spurs, and bright co- 
lours foreign to the rest of the genus. 
+ Tetrao rubicollis, Enl. 180. 
t Tetrao nudicollis. 
§ Tetrao javanicus, Brown, Ill., xvii, (a bad figure); there is a better one, Col. 148, 
under the name of Perdrix ajanham, Temm. 
|| Add the Red Partridge of Barbary, a very distinct species (Tetr. petrosus, Gm.), 
Edw. 70;—the Perdrix de montaigne (Tetrao montanus), Enl. 136, Frisch. 114, B, is 
only, according to Bonnelli, a variety of the Grey Partridge;—the Perdrix de haye, 
Tem. Col. 328 and 329;—Perd. personata, Horsf. Jav.;—Perd. a gorge rousse (Perd. 
gularis, T.);—Perd. oculea, Id.;—Perd. fusca, Vieill. Gal. 212. 
G Add the petite Caille de la Chine (Tetr. chinensis, L.), Enl. 126, F, 2, of which 
the Tetr. manillensis, Gm., Sonner. Voy. I, pl. xxiv, is the female ;—the Caille australe 
(Perd. australis, T.), Vieill. Galer. 215;—the Caille nattée (Perd. textilis Tem.), Col. 
35;—the Tetr. coromandelicus, Sonner. 11, 172;—T. striatus, Sonner. II, pl. xcexviii, 
and Temm. Col. 82, very different from that of Lath. Syn. II, pl. lxvi;—the Perdrix 
de gingi (Tetr. gingicus), Sonner. II, p. 167, also appears to belong to this subgenus. 
. 
