322 BIRDS. 
neck a changeable green; somewhat smaller than the preceding, but 
has similar habits. 
Col. livia, Briss.; Biset, or Pigeon de roche; Enl. 510. (The 
Biset, or Rock Dove). Slate-grey; circumference of the neck a 
changeable green; a double black band on the wing; rump white. 
This species is the parent stock of our Common Pigeon, and most 
probably of all our innumerable domestic races, in whose production 
the mixture of some neighbouring species may also have had some 
influence. 
Col. turtur, L.; Tourterelle; Enl. 394. (The Turtle Dove). A 
fawn-coloured mantle spotted with brown; neck bluish, with a spot 
on each side speckled with white and black. The smallest of the 
wild European species. It inhabits the woods like the Cushat. 
Col. risoria, L.; Rieuse; Enl. 244; Frisch, 44; Tem. 44. (The 
Ring Dove). Appears to be originally from Africa. It is of a 
flaxen colour, paler beneath; a black collar round the neck*,. 
The species of this division are numerous, and may be still more sub- 
divided, according as their tarsi are covered with feathers or not, and from 
the naked space found round the eyes of some of themf. 
Some have even caruncles, and other naked parts on the head. 
Such is the Col. auricou; Col. auricularis, Tem. 21. 
* Other Columbe with a square or round tail, Col. spadicea, Tem. 1;—Col. e@nea, 
Enl. 164; Tem. 3 and 4; Voy. de Freycin. 29, of which, according to Temminck, 
Col. pacifica is the male:—the Col. océanique, Less. and Garn., Voy. de Duperre 41, is 
a neighbouring species;—Col. arcuatrix, Vaill. Afr.; Tem. 5;—C. armillaris, Tem. 6; 
—C, littoralis, Sonn. 103; Tem. 17;—C. chalcoptera, Tem. 8;—C. cristata, Tem. 9; 
—C. caribea, Tem. 10;—C. leucocephala, Catesb. 65; Tem. 13;—C. speciosa, Enl. 
213; Tem. 14;—C. corensis, Tem. 15;—C. guinea, Edw. 75; Vaill. Afr. 265; Tem. 
16;—C. madagascariensis, Enl. 11; Vaill. Afr. 266; Tem. 17;—C. gymnophthalmos, 
Tem. 18;—C. Francia, Sonner. 101; Tem. 19;—C. rubri-capilla, Sonner. 57; Tem. 
20;—C. elegans, Tem. 22;—C. cincta, Tem. 23;—C. rufina, Tem. 24;—C. leucoptera, 
Edw. 76; Tem. 25;—C. javanica, Enl. 177; Tem. 26; Sonner. 66;—C. jamboo, Tem. 
27 and 28;—C. violacea, Tem. 29;—C. melanocephala, Enl. 214; Tem. 30;—C. lar- 
vata, Vaill. Afr. 269; Tem. 31;—C. holosericea, Tem. 32;—C. sinica, Albin. III, 46; 
—C. viridis, Enl. 142;—C. erythroptera, Temm. 55;—C. mystacea, T. 56 ;—C. superba, 
T. 83:—C. tympanistria, Vaill. 272; Tem. 86;—C. cerulea, T. 37;—C. afra, Enl. 
160; Vaill. 271; Tem. 88 and 39;—C. Geoffroy, 'T. 57;—C. cinerea, T. 58, and the 
female, Col. 260;—C. bitorquata, T. 40;—C. vinacea, T. 41;—C. tigrina, Sonner. 102; 
—C. cambayensis, Vaill. 270; T. 45;—C. malabarica, or the Col. brame, 'T.;—C. alba, 
Tem. 46;—C. squamosa, T. 59;—C. malaccensis, Mus. Carls. 67; Edw. 16; Tem. 47; 
—C. macroura, Enl. 8329;—C. porpryrea, Tem. Col. 106;—C. dilopha, T. Col. 162;— 
C. magnifica, T. Col. 163;—C. locutrix, Pr. Max. Col. 166;—C. leucomela, T. Col. 
186;—C. seripta, T. Col. 187;—C. Dussumieri, T. Col. 188 ;—C. leucotis, T. Col. 189; 
—C. vanthura, Cuy.; Col. 190;—C. picturata, T. Col. 242;—C. perspicillata, Col. 
246:—C. luctuosa, Reinw.; Col. 247;—C. hyogastra, R.; Col. 252;—C. monacha, R.; 
Col. 253;—C. humilis, T. Col. 258 ;—C. pinon, Quoy and Gaym., Voy. Freychin. 28; 
C. pampusan, Ib. 30;—C. araucana, Less. and Garn., Voy. de Duperr. 40;—C. cya- 
novirens, Ib. 42;—C. Zoe, Jb. 29 (a). 
¢ M. Swains. calls Priu1nopus those species which have feathered tarsi, such as 
the C. purpurata, T. Col. 34, &c. 
Kas (a) Add, Col. fasciata, Bonap. I, pl. Ixxvii, f. 3; —Col. zenaida, Bonap. II, 
pl. xv, f. 2.—Ene. Ep. 
