328 BIRDS. 
fcet are reticulated, and there is a short membrane between each of their 
three toes. 
Charadrius cedicnemus, L.; Cidic. crepitans, Tem.; Courlis de 
terre; Enl. 919; Frisch, 215; Naum. Ed. I, 9, f.13. (The Thick- 
knee). Size of a Woodcock; a fawn-coloured grey, with a brown 
streak on the middle of each feather; white belly; a brown streak 
under the eye*. 
Cuaraprius, Cuv. 
The bili of the True Plovers is only inflated above, and has two-thirds 
of its length on both sides occupied by the nasal fosse, a peculiarity 
which renders it weaker. They live in large flocks, and frequent marshy 
bottoms, where they strike the earth with their feet, in order to set in 
motion the worms on which they feed. 
The species of France are only birds of passage, during the 
autumn, and in the spring: near the sea coast, some of them remain 
until the beginning of winter. Their flesh is excellent, and, with 
various other species, they form a tribe with reticulated legs, the 
most remarkable of which are: 
Char. pluvialis, L., Enl. 904; Frisch, 216; Naum. 1, c. 10, 
f. 14; Wils. Am. VII, lix, 5. (The Golden Plover). Blackish; 
the edges of its feathers dotted with yellow; white belly. It is the 
most common of all, and is found throughout the whole globe. The 
north produces one which scarcely differs from it, except in its black 
throat; it is the Char. apricarius, Edw. 140; Naum. 11, f. 15; 
Wils. Am. VII, lvii, 4. Some authors assert it is the young of 
the other. 
Char. morinellus, L.; Le Guignard, Enl. 832; Naum. 12, f. 
16, 67. (The Dotterel). Grey or blackish; feathers edged with 
fulvous-grey; a white streak over the eye; breast and upper part of 
the belly of a bright red; lower part of the belly white. 
Char. hiaticula, L.; Pluvier a collier, Enl. 920; Frisch, 214; 
Brit. Zool. pl. P; Wils. Am. V, xxxvii, 2. (The Ring Plover). 
Grey above; white beneath; a black collar round the lower part of 
the neck, very broad in front; the head variegated with black and 
white; bill yellow and black. Three or four species or races are 
found in France, differing in size, and in the distribution of the 
colours on the head}. This same distribution, with but little va- 
riation, is found in several species foreign to Europe. 
| 
* Add the Gdicnéme tachard (Cid. maculosus, Cuv.), Col. 292;—the Gd. a longs 
pieds (Aid. longipes, Geoff.), Vieill. Gal. 228, or Gd. echasse, ‘Tem. Col. 386;—the 
Qid. & gros bec (Ged. magnirostris, Geoff.), Col, 387, might, from the form of its bill, 
be placed at the head of a particular series to which would belong a closely allied 
species with a slightly recurved upper mandible; Gd. recurvérostris, Cuv.;—Char. 
crassirostris, Spix, 94. 
+ Ch. minor, Meyer, Enl. 921; Wils. VII, lix, 3; Naum. 15, f. 19, or Ch. curonicus, 
Lath., with an entirely black bill;—Ch. cantianus, Lath., or albifrons, Meyer, of 
which the Ch. egyptius may possibly be the female. Its collar is interrupted. 
t Char. vociferus, Enl. 286; Wils. VII, lix, 6;— Char. indicus, Lath.;— Char. Aza- 
rai, T. Col. 184;—Char. melanops, Vieill. Gal. 235, or Ch. nigrifrons, Cuv., Am. Col. 
