GRALLATORIA. 343 
flanks watered with brown, &c. It frequents marshes, edges of ri- 
vulets, &c., and ascends out of sight, pouring out its piercing note 
from a great distance, which sounds like the bleating of a goat. It 
is found in nearly the same state in all parts of the globe. 
Scol. major, Gm.; La double Bécassine; Frisch, 228; Naum. 
2, f.2. (The Great Snipe). Is distinguished from the preceding 
by being a third larger, and by the grey or fawn-coloured undula- 
tions above being smaller, and the brown ones beneath larger and 
more numerous. 
Scol. gallinula, Gm.; La Sourde; Enl. 884; Frisch, 231; 
Naum. 4, f. 4. (The Jack Snipe). Nearly one half smaller than 
the Scol. gallinago; has but one black band on the head; the 
ground of the mantle reflects a bronze-green; a grey demi-collar on 
the neck; the flanks spotted like the breast with brown; it remains 
nearly the whole year in the marshes of Europe*. We should dis- 
tinguish from all others, the 
Se. grisea, Gm.; Wils. VII, lviii, 1; Sc. Paykullii, Nils. Orn. 
Suec. II, pl. 2, and in summer plumage, Scol. Noveboracensis, Lath. 
(The Red- bieasted Snipe), which differs in the external toes being 
semi-palmated. It is more ash-coloured in winter, and more red- 
dish in summer, the rump always white, spotted with black. It is 
also seen in Europe f. 
Ruyncuzat, Cur. 
Birds of Africa and India, whose nearly equal mandibles are slightly 
arcuated at the end, and in which the nasal fosse extend to the tip of the 
upper one, which has no third groove. Their feet are not palmated. To 
the port of Snipes they add more lively colours, and are particularly re- 
markable for the ocellated spots which decorate the quills of both wings 
and tail. 
These birds are found of various colours, and Gmelin, consider- 
ing them as varieties, unites them under the name of Scol. capensis, 
M. Temminck also considers them as different ages of one bird§. 
* Add the Bécassine muette of Eur., Scol. Brehmii, Kaup., Isis., 1823;—Scol. pa- 
ludosa, Gm. Enl. 895, which is the Sc. igallinago, Wils. VI, xlvii, 1 ;—Scol. gigantea, 
Tem. Col. 403. 
The Brunette of Buffon, Scol. pusilla (Dunlin, of the English), is only the Tringa 
alpina, Gm. 
+ It appears that Vieillot restricts the name of Scolopaz to this subdivision, that 
is, if, as I think, his pl. 241 represents this bird; it is not, however, exact. M. Leach 
makes his genus MAcroraMPHus of it. 
t Vieillot has adopted this name and genus, Gal. pl. 240. 
§ Scol. capensis, d, Gm. Enl. 922, should be the adult; Scol. capensis, g, Enl. 881, 
or Rynchea variegata, Vieill. Galer. 240, the young, and Enl. 270, an intermediate 
age. The Chevalier vert, Briss. and Buff (Rallus benghalensis, Gm. : Albin, IIT, 90, 
is also of this genus, and does not even appear to differ from the variety represented, 
Enl. 922. N.B. This last plate is the only one that gives a correct representation 
of the bill peculiar to this little subgenus. Add, a very distinct species from Brazil, 
Rhynchea hilarea, Val., Bullet. des Sc. de Ferussac, c c. 2. 
