360 BIRDS. 
the tips of the secondary quills. 1t inhabits the extreme north, al- 
though it breeds on the rocky coasts of England and Scotland. In 
very hard winters it is seen on those of France. ' 
There is a smaller species which is black, with the upper part of 
the wing white, Col. grylle, L.; Vieill. Gal. 294; Choris., Voy. aut. 
du M., Isles Aleut, pl. xxii; sometimes mottled throughout with 
white, C. marmoratus, Frisch, Suppl. B., pl. 185, Edw. 50 and Pemn., 
Arct. Zool. II, xxii, 2. Individuals are sometimes seen all white, 
C.. lacteolus, Pall.* 
We may also separate from the Guillemots the 
Crruust. 
Vulgarly called Greenland Divers, which have a shorter bill with a more 
arcuated back, but without any emargination. The symphysis of the 
lower mandible is extremely short, Their wings are larger, and the mem- 
branes of their feet well indented. 
The species most known, called the Little Guillemot or Greenland 
Dove, Colymbus minor, Gm.; Enl. 917; Mergulus Alle, Vieill. 
Gal. 295; Brit. Zool. pl. H, 4,f.1; Edw. 91; Naum. Ed. I, 65, 
f. 102, is the size of a large pigeon, black above, white beneath, with 
a white line on the wing, as in the Guillemot. Its billis black, and 
feet red. Inhabits all the northern coasts, and builds under ground. 
It is sometimes seen on the French coast in winter. 
Aca, Lin. 
The Auks are known by the very much compressed, vertically raised 
bill, which has a trenchant back, and is usually grooved transversely; and 
by the feet which are completely palmated, and have no thumb like those 
of the Guillemot. All these birds inhabit the northern seas. We may 
divide the genus into two subgenera. 
Fratercuta, Briss.~—Mormon, Iilig. 
Or the Puffins, whose bill, shorter than the head, is as high and higher 
at its base than it is long, which gives it a very extraordinary form; a 
folded skin usually covers its base. The nostrils placed near the edge 
are merely narrow slits. Their small wings can’ just sustain them for a 
moment; they live upon the ocean, like the Guillemots, and build their 
nests on the rocks. 
The most common species, dlca arctica, L., and labradoria, Gm.; 
Mormon fratercula,'Tem., Enl. 275; Brit. Zool., pl. H; Edw. 358, 
1; Frisch, 192; Naum. 65, f. 101, is the size of a pigeon, and has 
* Add the G. @ gros bee (Uria Brunnichii , Sabine), Choris., Voy. aut. du M. pl. xxi: 
—Uria lacrymaus, Lapil., lb. XX11J—eonsult the article inserted there on this genus 
by M. Valenciennes. 
+ Cephus, the name of some sea birds often mentioned by the Greek writers, which 
appear to have been species of Petrel or Gull. Mcehring, and subsequently Pallas, 
applied the term to the Divers and Guillemots, Vieillot has changed it into 
Mergulus, Gal. 295. 
