PALMIPEDES. SOL 
a black calotte and mantle; white beneath. It sometimes builds its 
nests among the cliffs on the English coast, and is very common on 
those of France during the winter*. 
M. Temminck distinguishes, under the name of Staryques (PHALERIS), 
those species which have a less elevated bill}. 
Aucat, Cuv. 
The true Auks have a more elongated bill, resembling in form the blade 
of a knife; it is covered with feathers as far as the nostrils. Their wings 
are decidedly too small to support them, and therefore they never attempt 
to fly. They are sometimes seen in France and on its coasts during winter. 
Alcea torda.and pica, Gm.; Pingouin commun, Enl. 1004, the 
adult, 1003, in summer plumage, Edw. 358, 2, Briss. VI, VIII, 2, 
Brit. Zool. pl. H, 1. (The Common Auk). Black above, white 
beneath; a white line on the wing and one or two on the bill. The 
throat of the male is black, and there is a white line reaching from the 
eye to the bill. Its size is about the same as a duck’s. 
Alca impennis,L.; Le Grand Pingouin, Buff. TX, xxix; Enl. 
367; Edw. 147. (The Great Auk). Nearly as large as a goose, 
the colours very similar to those of the preceding species; but the 
bill is entirely black and marked with eight or ten grooves, and there 
is a white oval spot between the bill and the eye: its wings are shorter 
in proportion than those of any other species of this genus. It is said 
to lay but one large egg, spotted with purple. 4 
AprenopyTEs, Forst. 
The Penguins are even less capable of flying than the Auks. Their 
little wings are covered with mere vestiges of feathers, which, at the first 
glance, resemble scales; their feet, placed farther behind than those of 
any other bird, only support them by bearing on the tarsus, which is wi- 
dened like the sole of the foot of a quadruped, and in which are found three 
bones soldered together at their extremities. They have a small thumb 
directed inwards, and their three anterior toes are united by an entire mem- 
brane. They are only found in the Antarctic Seas, never going on shore 
except to build their nests. They can only reach their nests by drawing 
themselves painfully along on their bellies. The difference in their bill 
authorizes their division into three subgenera. 
APTENODYTES, Cuv. 
The Penguins, properly so called, have a long, slender, and pointed 
bill; the upper mandible a little arcuated near the end; covered with fea- 
ee ee Oe aS ARE SIN OR Ta YY 2 ee 
* Add, 4. cirrhata, Pall. Spic. V, pl. 1; Vieill. Gal. 299. 
+ Alca cristatella, Vieill. Gal. 297, or Staryque erystatelle, T. Col. 200, and Pall., 
Spic. Zool. V, pl. 1, of which 4. pygmea is the young;—dA. psittacula, Pall., Spic. V, 
pl. 2, of which A. tetracula, Ib., pl. 4, is the young. ‘ 
t Alcea, Aik, Auk, the name of these birds in the Fero Islands, and in the north 
of Scotland. That of Penguin, first given to the Aptenodytes of the south by the 
Dutch, indicates the oily nature of their fat. See Clusius, Exot. 101. It was Buf- 
fon who transferred this name exclusively to the northern Auks. 
