362 BIRDS. 
thers to one third of its length where the nostril is placed, from which a 
groove extends to the point. 
Apt. patagonica, Gm.; Le Grand Manchot, Enl. 975. (The 
Great Penguin). Is the size of a goose, slate-coloured above, white 
beneath; a black mask, surrounded with a lemon-coloured cravatte. 
Found in large troops near the straits of Magellan, and as far as New 
Guinea. The flesh, though black, is eatable. 
CatarruacteEs, Briss. 
The Gorfus* have the bill stout, but little compressed, pointed, round- 
ed on the back, and its point somewhat arcuated; the groove which arises 
from the nostril terminates obliquely on the inferior third of its edge. 
Apt. chrysocoma, Gm.; Le Gorfou sauteur, Enl.984; Vieill. Gal. 
298. (The Jumping Gorfu). As large as a stout duck, black 
above, white beneath, and has a white or yellow tuft on each side of 
its occiput. Found in the vicinity of the Falkland Islands and of 
New Holland, It sometimes leaps out of the water while swimming, 
' and lays its eggs in a hole on the shore}. 
Sprueniscust, Briss. 
A compressed and straight bill, irregularly furrowed at the base; end of 
the upper mandible hooked, that of the lower one truncated; the nostrils 
exposed and placed in the middle. 
Apt. demersa, Gm.; Sphénisque du Cap, Fnl. 382 and 1005. 
Black above, white beneath; the bill brown with a white band on the 
middle; the male has in addition a white eyebrow, black throat and 
a black line on the breast, which continues along each flank. Found 
near the Cape, where it breeds among the rocks §. 
FAMILY II. 
—~— 
LONGIPENNES, or GREAT SAILS. 
Comprises those birds of the high seas, which, by means of their great 
power of flight, are spread in every part of the world, and are met in every 
*° Gorfu, a corruption of goir fugel, the name of the Great Auk in the Fero 
Islands. See Clusius, Exot. 367. Catarrhactes is the Greek name of a very different 
bird, which could fly well, and precipitated itself from a height on its prey. It was 
most probably a species of Gull. 
+ Add, Apt. catarrhactes, Edw. 49;—A. papua, Sonner. Voy. I, pl. 115, and Vieill. 
Gal. 299 ;—A. minor, Lath. Syn. ITI, pl. 103. 
$ Spheniscus, a name given by Mcehring to the Oidemia, and by Brisson. to the 
Penguins; from the Greek word Sphen (wedge). 
§ Aptenod. torquata, Sonner. Voy. I, 114, appears to be the female of the Apt. de- 
mersa. 
