162 FISHES. 



Lachnolaimus, Cuv. 



The Captains have the general character of a true Lahrus, but the 

 pharyngeals have not the teeth as if paved, except at their posterior part, 

 the remainder of their extent, as well as a part of the palate, being covered 

 with a villous membrane. These fishes are recognized at sight by the 

 first spines of their dorsal, which rise in long flexible filaments. The 

 species known are from America*. 



Julis, Cuv. 



The Girelles have the head entirely smooth and without scales; the 

 lateral line forming an elbow opposite the end of the dorsal. Some spe- 

 cies are found in the seas of Europe. 



J. vulgaris; L alius julis, L., Bl. 287, f. 1. (The Girelle). A 

 small fish remarkable for its beautiful violet hue, relieved on each 

 side by a zigzag line of a rich orange colour, &c. It varies greatly, 

 is the best known of the Mediterranean species, and is also found in 

 the ocean. 



J. Gioffredi, Risso. (The Red Girelle). A fine scarlet ; a black 

 spot at the angle of the operculum ; a gilt band along the flanks ; 

 inhabits both the Mediterranean and the ocean. 



/. turcica, Risso. (The Turquoise Girelle). A rich green ; a 

 red streak on each scale; the head red, with blue lines; one or more 

 vertical bands of a turquoise blue ; a black spot on the pectoral ; tail 

 shaped like a crescent; one of the most beautiful fishes of the Me- 

 diterranean. 

 Hot climates produce numerous species of this fish, most of which are 

 splendidly and variously coloured. 



Some of them have a rounded or truncated caudal -j-; the first dorsal 

 rays of others;}; are drawn out into filaments. 



Labre enneacanthe, Lacep. Ill, p. 490; — Labrus fasciatus, Bl. 290, which is also the 

 Labre malapleronote, Lacep. Ill, xxxi, 1; the figure to which should he referred the 

 description of the Labre fuligineux, Id. Ill, p. 493, but not the fig., which is that of 

 the Mesoprion uninotatus ; — Labrus melagaster, Bl. 296, 1; — L. diagramme, Lacep. Ill, 

 1, 2; — L. lunula, Forsk. N. B. The Labrus scarus, L., (Cheiline scare, Lacep.), was 

 merely established by Artedi and Linnaeus on an equivocal description of Belon, 

 Aquat. lat. ed. p. 239, and Obs. p. 21, where it is impossible to ascertain even the 

 genus of the fish of which he speaks. The fig. and description of Rondelet, Lib. VI, 

 cap. II, p. 164, usually quoted with those of Belon, refer to a totally different fish of 

 the genus Sparus. The true Scarus of the Greeks is another fish, as we shall soon 

 see. 



* Lachnolaimus suillus, Cuv.; Catesb. II, xv; — L. caninus, Cuv., Parra, pi. iii, f. 2. 



f Species with a round or truncated tail ; Labre parterre, Lacep. Ill, xxix, 2, the 

 same as the Echiquier, Id. p. 493; — L. trilobe, Id. Ill, iv, 3; — L. tenioure, Lac. Ill, 

 xxix, 1, the same as his Spare hemisphere, III, xv, 3, and probably as his Spare bra- 

 chion, III, xviii, 3; — L. ceinture, Id. Ill, xxviii, 1; — L.brasiliensis, Bl. 2S0; — L. ma- 

 crolepidotus, Bl. 284, 2; — L. guttatus, Bl. 287, 2; — L. cyanocephalus, Bl. 286; — L. ma~ 

 lapterus, Bl. 285; — L. chloropterus, Bl. 288; — L. bivittatus, 284, 1; — Julis crotaphus, 

 Cuv., Parra, XXXVII, \;—L. albovittatus, Ksehlr. Nov. Com. Pet, IX, 458, and 

 Encycl. 399; — L.mola, Cuv., Russ. II, 120; — L. margaritiferus, Cuv., or Gir. La- 

 biche, Voy. Freycin. Zool. pi., f. 3; — L. ornalus, Carmich. Lin. Trans. XII, xxvii. 



X The Girelle Gaymard, Voy. Freycin. pi. liv, which is also the Sparus cretus, 

 Forst. and Renard, part I, pi. ii, No. 11. and part II, 160. N. B. The Coris of M. 



