FIXED-GILLED CHONDROPTERYGIANS. 243 



lobules. The teeth have a point in the middle, and two smaller ones 

 on the sides. There are spiracles and an anal fin ; the dorsals are 

 placed very far back, the first never being further forward than the 

 ventrals ; the caudai is elongated, not forked and truncated ; the 

 branchial apertures are partly under the pectorals, 



In some of them the anal corresponds to the interval between the 

 two dorsals : such are the two species of the coast of Europe that are 

 frequently confounded, or at least very indifferently distinguished, the 

 Sq, canicvla, L. ; La Grande Roussette ; Bl., 114; Rondel,, 

 380; Lacep. I, x, 1. Numerous smalls spots; the ventrals ob- 

 liquely truncated. 



Sq. catulus, and stellaris, L. ; La Rockier ; Rondel., 383 ; 

 Lacep., I, ix, 2. Fewer but largers spots sometimes ocellated ; 

 ventrals cut square. 



A third species from the same locality is marked with black 



and white spots.* 



In others, all of them foreign to Europe, the anal is attached behind 



the second dorsal, the spiracles are singularly small, the fifth branchial 



opening is frequently concealed in the fourth, and nasal lobules are 



usually prolonged into cirri, f Under the name of 



Squalus, properly so termed, 



We include all the species with a prominent snout, under which 

 are placed nostrils neither prolonged in a furrow nor furnished with 

 lobules ; there is a lobule on the under part of the caudal which 

 approximates it more or less to the bifurcated form. The old arrange- 

 ment may be preserved which is founded on the presence or absence 

 of the spiracles and anal; in order to make it a natural one, howeA^er, 

 we must increase the number of its divisions. 



Species without spiracles, provided with an anal. 



Carcharias J, Cuv. 



A numerous and by far the most celebrated tribe : with trenchant, 

 pointed teeth, most commonly dentated on the margin. The first 

 dorsal is far before the ventrals, and the second about opposite to the 



* Add the Roussette of Artedi, Risso, Ed. II, f. 5, or Squalus prionurus, Otto. ; 

 — the Roussette of Gunner (Squalus catulus, Gunri.), M£m. Soc. Dronth., II, pi. i, 

 which appears to be a peculiar species ; — the Sq. Edwardsii (Edw., 289), under 

 the erroneous name of the Greater Cat-fish, which would indicate the Roussette, and 

 which is improperly quoted as the pretended Sq. stellaris ; — the Sq. africanus, 

 or gallonni, of Broussonnet (Sta., Nat. Misc. 3-16). N.B. That the term longitudi- 

 nalibus, gratuitously added by Gmelin, is not correct ; — the pretended Sq. canicula, 

 Bl., 1 12, which is a distinct foreign species, unless it be a very uncommon variety 

 of the Catulus. 



t The Sq. poinfille, Lacep., II, iv, 3, the same as the Sq. barbillon, Brouss., 

 (Sq. barbatus, Gm.), and as the Sq. punctatus, !-'chn., Parra., pi. 34, f. 2 ; — the 

 (Sq. tiyre, Lac, or Sq. fasciatus, Bl., 113 (S. tirjrinus and S. longicaudus, Gm.) ; — 

 the S. lobatus, Schn., Phil. Voy. pi. 43, p. 285 ; — the Bokee sorra, Russ., Coroin., 

 XVI. 



X Carcharias, the Greek name of some large Squalus, synonymous with Lamia. 



r2 



