402 



APPENDIX. 



Aristotle. 

 The deer alone, from the age of 

 two years, sheds its horns annually ; 

 the horns of other animals are 



fiermanenl, unless separated by vio- 

 ence. Deer at the age of one year 

 have merely the rudiments of horns, 

 short sprouts, as it were, covered 

 with downy skin, At the age of 

 two years they develope straight 

 horns like wooden pegs ; and are 

 hence called at that period vaTr^x'^,. 



At three years their horns have 

 two branches ; at four years, more ; 

 and in this way the number of 

 branches increases till the animal 

 is six years old; after which the 

 number is not increased. 



The horn at first grows as it were 

 in the skin, and has a soft villous 

 covering; and after it has attained 

 its full growth, the animal exposes 

 itself to the sun, in order to ripen 

 and dry up this covering. 



Cuvier, torn. I. 



In the various species of deer the 

 osseous projections are covered, du- 

 ring their growth, with skin resem- 

 bling that of the rest of the head. 

 This skin subsequently perishes, 

 leaving the osseous horn uncovered ; 

 and, after a time, the horns them- 

 selves are shed ; and are succeeded 

 by others which are usually larger 

 than the preceding ; and these again 

 are shed in their turn and replaced 

 by others. 



The figure of the horn in deer 

 varies according to the age and 

 species of the animal. 



CETACEOUS ANIMALS. 



The dolphin and whale, and other 

 cetaceous animals, which have not 

 gills, but a tube for conveying away 

 the sea-water received into their 

 mouth, are viviparous ; and they 

 respire air, for they have lungs: 

 and hence, if caught in a net, and 

 unable to come to the surface for 

 the purpose of breathing, they are 

 suffocated. 



The dolphin utters a kind of mur- 

 mur when it is in the air ; for it has 

 a voice, inasmuch as it has lungs, 

 and an air-tube leading to them; 

 but having no lips, and its tongue 

 being not sufficiently moveable, it is 

 unable to utter an articulate sound. 



The dolphin has mammae, not 

 placed in the anterior part of the 

 body, but near the vent. 



The mildness and docility of the 

 dolphin are remarkable. 



These fish swim in large flocks, 

 and their swiftness is so remarkable 

 that they have been known to spring 

 over the masts (decks ?) of ships. 



Cetaceous animals remain con- 

 stantly in the water; but, as they 

 respire by means of lungs, they are 

 obliged to come often to the surface 

 for air. p. 272. The ordinary ceta- 

 cea possess a remarkable apparatus, 

 from which they are called blowers, 

 by means of which they discharge 

 through their nostrils a large volume 

 of water which they take into their 

 mouth with their food. p. 275. 



They have no prominent lamina? 

 in their glottis; and hence their 

 voice is nothing more than a simple 

 lowing, p. 27(5. 



Their mamma? are placed near 

 the vent. p. 276. 



The general organization of the 

 dolphin's brain shews that it pos- 

 sesses the docility usuallv attributed 

 to it. p. 2/8. 



The common dolphin, which is 

 found in large flocks in every sea, 

 and is remarkable for its swiftness 

 of motion, so that it occasionally 

 darts over the decks of ships, ap- 



