The Harms worth Universal Atlas 



MAPS AND DIAGRAMS OF THE WORLD'S COMMERCE. 



British Isles — Natural Resources and Industries. 



INDUSTBfAL POPULAT] 



DENSrTY OF 

 INDUSTRIAL POPULATION 



u/loei^fOpar SQiTifla 

 SOfnfOO . , 



iootD2oa , 



200m500 . , 

 Over 500 „ . 



ANNUAL CO* L OLnPUT 

 ^ over I50.00(l000tf/i>t 



D ui>der- 



ANNUALVALUE (ROmjRE 



toftout f^GO. 000. OOO 



o Oyster bids 



-5C 



LAUD UNDER CROPS 



PERCENTAGE OF 

 LA:*0UHDCT CROPS 



10% to 20% 

 20%ti> 40\ 



40^tf, 60X 

 Ovt^r 60% 



^ Tl 1 --H 



"0 — 



ANNUAL f^AlN FALL 



SOtoGO 

 40fo50 



ZOto 4G 

 2£ro30 



TEMPERATURE 



The BRITISH ISLES owe their pohtical and industrial supremacy 

 to natural conditions. The mildness of their climate, their fa\'ourablc 

 geographical position, nearly in the centre of the Land Hemisphere, 

 their numerous admirable harbours, and their immense natural 

 resources, especially in coal and iron, caused them almost of necessity 

 to become the most important manufacturing country of the world. 



The maps given above are designed to show the agricultural 



and industrial resources of the United Kingdom, Agriculture is 



dependent upon climatic conditions, and the character of the surface 



and soil ; and a comparison of the maps showing the climate and the 



percentage of land under crops, brings out the fact that where the 



climate is dry, and therefore suited to the cultivation of cereals, as in 



Eastern England, the agricultural population is comparatively dense, 



while in the wet and hilly regions in the west of the United Kingdom 



and of Ireland, the population is engaged chiefly in pastoral pursuits, 



and is relatively thin. Of the total area of the United Kingdom 482 



per cent, is under crops and grass, 30-3 consists of hiU pastures, 



3-9 is woodland, and 17-6 is uncultivated. The total Hve stock 



numbers 10,742,240 cattle, 29,006,500 sheep, 2,114,300 horses, and 



3,589,240 pigs. 



indListries,— The fndustries of the United Kingdom give employ- 

 ment to nearly five times the population occupied in agricultural 

 pursuits, the textile factories alone employing over 1,000,000 opera- 

 tives. They have for the most part grown up round the great coal- 

 fields (5^:^ map on page 23), where local causes have led to the 

 springing up of special trades. Cotton spinning has naturally centred 



round the Manchester district, where the moist and equable climate 

 IS adapted to the industry. It lies on the Lancashire coalfield, 

 and IS within easy access of the great cotton port of Liverpool. 

 The Woollen Industry owed its origin in W. Yorkshire to the cheap 

 water supply derived from the Ouse and its tributaries, and the 

 natural supply of wool obtainable from the Peunincs, while in Leeds 

 and the neighbouring to\™s its development is largely due to the 

 adjacent coal-fields. Other industrial centres able to command a 

 local supply of coal are the steel and iron manufacturing towns of 

 Sheffield, P.irmingham, Middlesborough, the Black Country, Glasgow, 

 and South Wales ; the Shipbuilding towns on the Clyde, Tyne^nd 

 Mersey, and Belfast, Rarrow and Middlesborough; the Pottery district 

 of North Staffordshire, and the chemical and glass manufacturing 

 towns of Widnes, St. Helens, Swansea, Glasgow and Newcastle. 



Exports.— The comparative value of the exports of the chief 

 industries of the United Kingdom is shown below, and fuller 

 particulars of the total export trade mav be found on page 6 ; 

 of this trade the exports from England and Wales amount to 90-8 



per cent., from Scotland to 8-8 per cent., and from Ireland to 0'4 

 per cent. 



Occupations-— Of the total population of the United Kingdom, 



14-953.586, or 56 per cent., consist of wives, children, and others 



without regular occupation ; and of the remainder, 56 per cent, are 



engaged in industries, 14 in domestic service, 12 in agriculture and 



hshmg, 12 in commerce, and 6 per cent, belong to the professional 

 clashes. 



10,200,000 



COMPARATIVE VALUE ofthe EXPORTS ofthe CHIEF INDUSTRIES of the UNITED KINGDO 



M 



5MJPS 

 £*.5QO,000 



CUTUERY, ETC 

 Z4.9DD,O0t> 



aPP*fiEL 



AGRICtfLTURAL 



PRODUCTS 

 iit2.5OO.0O0 



CHEMICALS, ETC, 

 £13^700,000 



z.soo.oao 



INDUSTRIAL 



2,200.000 



e, 200,000 



.JOffDOO 



DOMESTIC 



MACHINERY 

 £Zi. 000.000 



COAL& COKE 



^26,900,000 



AGRiCUI-TURAL 



COMMERCIAL 



PROfESaiONAL 



THE POPULATION ofthe UNITED KINGDOM ENGAGED IN OCCUPATIONS 



METAL MANUFACTURES 



i;35,000,00O 



TEXTILES 

 £123.000,000 



a 



