The Harmsworth Atlas 



The World's Commodities. — 3. Rice, Oats, Barley and Cocoa. 



RICE, the seed of a cereal grass (Oryza saliva), is cultivated 

 in low-lying land in the Tropics, requiring great heat and moisture. 

 Starch forms its chief constituent, giving it its nutritious value ; and 

 it forms the staple food-stuff of one-third of the human race. The 

 indigenous " water oat," or Canadian wild rice [Zizania aquatica), of 

 North America is much used for food by the Red Indians. No 

 exact estimate of the world's production can be given, but it is the 

 staple article of culture in S.E. Asia, and the humid coastlands of S. 

 United States. The annua! crop, exclusive of S. China, is estimated 

 at 28^ million tons. Chief sources of supply are British India, with 

 an annual output of 22,000,000 tons, of which Bengal supplies 

 16,000,000 tons — the Ganges Delta being the chief rice-growing 

 district — Madras 3,000,000 tons, and Burma 3,200,000 tons, of which 

 four-fifths is exported to India and other countries. Japan, with an 

 annual crop of 5,000,000 tons, grown chiefly on the W. coast. 

 United States, with ,a production of 565,000 tons in 1904, grown 

 mainly in Louisiana and Texas, but also in N, and S, Carolina, 

 Georgia and Florida, is becoming an important rice grower, though 

 the 1905 crop fell below 400^000 tons. The value of the United 

 States rice exports has risen from ;£3,300 in 1895 to nearly £400,000 

 in 1905. French Indo=China (in the lower Mekong valley) — 

 annual output about 500,000 tons. Siam (where the whole pros- 

 perity of the country depends upon the rice crop) annually exports 

 450,000 tons, s, China, grown in the river valleys, from the coast 

 to Yun-nan. italy (in Lombardy and N. Sicily), annual output of 

 712,000 tons. Minor sources of supply are Austria, Mexico (18,000 

 tons), Brazil (7,000), Uruguay, Lower Egypt, N. Coast of Madagas- 

 car, S.W. Arabia, and the East Indies, especially Borneo. 



SAGO, the seed of the Sagus (order, Palmaceae) a species of 

 pahn, consisting, like arrowroot, tapioca and allied species, almost 



entirely of starch. It is cultivated in the E. Indies (Borneo, Celebes 

 Ceram, Java (west coast), the JIalaysian Native States, and British 

 New Guinea. 



BARLEY, used almost entirely for the manufacture of malt, 

 from which whisky and beer are made, except in Scandinavia, where 

 barley bread is the staple food-stuff. In Europe it is grown in 

 Russia, Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Spain, Scandinavia, and 

 Great Britain, where 1,872,000 acres are under crop, the annual 

 Brirish output being 57,000,000 bushels (47,000,000 in England). 

 The largest crops are grown in the eastern counties and Shropshire 

 in England, and in Forfar in Scotland, the best barley being used in 

 brewing, and inferior qualities for feeding pigs. In the United 

 States Cahfomia is the chief producer, but it is also grouii in Ohio, 

 Minnesota, North and South Dakota and Wisconsin. 



OATS flourish in colder and damper chmatcs than wheat. In 

 Scotland and Ireland they are largely used as a foodstuff, but else- 

 where chiefly as food for horses. Of the total annual production of 

 oats over one-fourth, or 114,000,000 quarters, arc grown in the United 

 States, chiefly in Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Nebraska. 

 Russia produces 85 million quarters, Germany 51, France 32, the 

 United Kingdom 21, Canada 16, and Austria 13 millions. 



COCOA (properly Cacao) is indigenous to tropical America, but 

 its cultivation has spread throughout the tropics. Chief sources of 

 supply are Ecuador, San Thome (G. of Guinea) and Brazil; minor 

 sources are Trinidad and Venezuela. The consumption of cocoa 

 increases more rapidly than that of tea or coffee, having doubled 

 in the last decade. Its consumption per head of the population is 

 greater in some countries than that of Tea — notably in Holland, 

 France and Germany ; owing probably to the development of the 

 chocolate and similar trades in which cocoa is largely used. 



WORLDS ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF RICE 



( in tons ) 



f • 



ANNUAL IMPORTS OF RICE 



INTO 



UNITED KINGDOM. 



Sie SfTTlfhEHTS 

 i&7. B03 



8 



FRENCH 



INUD-CHINA 

 £11,^40 



o 



BELGIUM 



If 10.047 



JAPAN 

 Sfl,467 



BRITISH (^[J]A 

 2I,80&.000 



JAPAN 



4.90B.O00 



ITALY 



712,000 



USA 

 5&5.00O 



FRENCH 



INDO-CrilNA 



500,000 



SIAH 



450.000 



WORLDS ANNUAL PRODUCTI ON OF COCO A 



(in lbs.) 



WORLDS PRODUCIIGN 

 J 90.000000 



ECUADOR 

 5I.00O.000 



S THOME 



45 000 000 



SF'ITISh IhOlA 

 £L5I5.I&4. 



NETHtRLANDS 



£ JAVA 



1350,910 



GERMANY 



SIAM OTHER 



Sll2,406 FOH-C0[]NT* 



GROWTH OF 



BA^ANA 



TRADE 



OF 



UNITED KINGDOM, 



1900 



1905 



1548 95S 



Il,4-9S.0B4 



ANNUAL IMPORTS OF COCOA INTO UNITED KINGDOM 



BRAZIL 

 48.000 000 



TRINIDAD 

 31000.000 



VENErUEU 



Z7.OQQ,D0O 



SDOHinCO 

 1 6.0 00. DUO 



CPEKAOA 



14,000 000 



FRANCE 



isse.feie 



BR W INDIES 

 £461.347 



HOLLAND 



135?. 911 



PORTUGAL 

 1337 333 



CEYLON 

 1133.237 



ECUADOR 



GERMANY 

 1JB677 



eElGJUM 

 i6i.'3T 



12 



