Maps and Diagrams of the World's Commerce. 



The World's Commodities.— 6. Wine, Currants and Raisins and Rubber, 



WINE is one of the oldest of industries, and the above map 

 shows its jiresent wide distribntion. Of the total world-production 

 of 3-000,000,000 gallons, Hrancc and Algeria produce about one-half ; 

 Italy and Spain are the other chief sources of supply. The chief 

 French wine districts are (i) Bordeaux, prodni^ng claret andSauternc. 

 Its clarets may he divided into 3 classes \—Hantc MtWoc— -Chateaux 

 Margaux, Lallte, Latour, etc. ; Graves — Chateau Haut Bnon, Papo 

 Clement, etc. ; and St. limilion and Fronsac — Cheval Rlanc and 

 Chateau Ausone. (2) liargundy, the district of the Cote d'Or, pro- 

 ducing Burgundies and Chabli^ in Dijon, Macon, Chablis, and Beaunc. 

 (3) Champagne produces sparkling wines, chiefly at Rehns, Sillery, 

 and Epernay. {4) 5aumur also produces a sparkling wine. (5) Cognac 

 grows the best brandy, llaly is famous for Chianti grown in Tuscany. 

 \Vine also <:omes from the Apennines, Capri, Western Sicily (Marsala), 

 Alessandria (Asti), and Parma (l^^lino). Spain produces Port in the 

 Doiiro valley. Tarragona Port comes from E. Spain, Sherry from 

 Jerez in Andalusia, and wines from Alicante and Valentia are exported 

 to France for blending. In Austria Hungary, Tokay is grown on the 

 Carpathians, and Maraschino in Dalmatia. In Germany, the slopes 

 oftheVosges and the warm valleys of thel'iJiine, Moselle, and Neckar, 

 give us the light Rhenish wines. Hock (Hochlieimer) is grown on the 

 Rheingau, Nierstcin in Hesse, and red wines in Baden and the .Alit- 

 zer district. Russia produces wine in Bessarabia, Crimea and 

 Trans-Caucasia. Some wine is also grown in Switzerland, the 

 Balkans, Cyprus, Chios, Corsica and Ionian Isles ; also in the Azores, 

 Canaries and Madeira. In Africa, the Algerian wine industry on the 



Tell is important, and Tunis grows wine. In Cape Colony the vine 

 grows magnifuently. Australia produces good Clarets iind Biu'gundies. 

 In the United states, wine is produced in California, New York 

 State, and south of Lake Erie. In S, America, Chile is important. 

 At Cimcepciim, '^ Chica " is made. Argentina, Uruguay, Peru and 

 Bolivia also produce some wine in the order named. 



INDIA=RUGBER {or caoutchouc), is an extract from the juice of a 

 variety of tropical trees. The Hevea and Micranda trees, the chief 

 sources of supply, furnish Para rubber, and arc found in S. America, 

 principally in Brazil, Bolivia, Peru. Ccara rubber is the product of 

 the tree Manihot Glaziovii, In India, rubber is derived from a 

 species of fig tree ; in Mexico, from the gtiayitle plant ; and in Africa 

 from various twining plants. The first development of tlie rubber 

 industry was due to the invention, in 1823, of the mackintosh water- 

 proof coat, and it was further extended in 1843, by the discovery of a 

 method of vulcanizing the caoutchouc with sulphur. The world's 

 annual ])roduction is estimated at 57,000 tons, of which more than 

 half is obtained from S. America and Africa. French West Africa pro- 

 duces some 10,000 tons, and the Congo State about 6,000 tons. In 

 Burma, Ceylon, Formosa, Brit. Guiana, and Samoa, rubber cultiva- 

 tion is on the increase, wliile in Trinidad, Tobago, Jamaica, Grenada, 

 St. Vincent, St, Lucia and Dominica, the Central American rubber 

 plant (Castilloa clastica), has been introduced, and does well. 



The United States is the largest rubber consumer, Germany being 

 second, tlie United Kingdom third, then France, Austria-Hungary, 

 Holland, Belgium, and Italy, in the order named. 



WORLD'S WINE PRODUCTION. 



AvaragQ of 2 ye^rs 



irt gall onfi. 



a 



GERMANY 







AUSIHALIA 



FRANCE 

 1,349,454,3 90 



ilALV . 

 a40,S95,000 



"ZOHES CAPEOF 



IMAOtjPAiVOCOO 5665,000 

 3.355,000 



ifif 



SPAIN 

 4l€, £13,000 



.mr-.l 



ALGERIA 

 I7Z,ZI&,307 



AUSTRIA PORIUWL ALL OThEB 



riUHGART 113300X100 COUNTHEES 



160,545.000 333,7eS.mO 



AVERAGE CONSUMPTION OFWINE PER HEAD 



(in galtonaj 



FRANCE 



30-; 



i i 



UKINGL^QK LF5A 

 4 4 



^ i 



i 



HOLLAND 



10 



PORTUGAL 

 ie'3 



SWITZE BLAND 

 16 2 



BLILOARIA 



RUMANIA 

 6 3 



AUSTRIA StRVlA 

 HUTIGARY 3.4 



3 9 



-d^^^- 



IMPORTS OF WINE INTO UNITED KINGDOM 



CHANNEL 1^ 



£ia,a&o 



MADEIIEA 

 i(&,333 



BR &'■ 

 AFRICA 



£a.&3G 



fHANCE 

 £z,J2Z,?3a 



POHTlIGAL 

 £0GI,607 



SPAIN 

 143?. 113. 



NETHEff LANDS 

 f 240.7 74 



AUSTHjLLtA ITALY 



Jtl3B,79l. 34^,673 



(includir>gTd)r<iinid) 



GERMANY 

 f 46,040 



ALLOT II EH 

 COUNTRIES 

 £3e.035. 



IMPORTS OFRUB'BER INTO UNITED KINGDOM 



( Caoutchouc ) 



STRAITS 



5ETTlt"1EhTS 



f265.B63 



CfJTMANV 

 f J3S.&II 



USA 

 £201.337 



BELC^IUM 

 lie?, 307 



CEVLOh 



i - 



® 



GfflMAN CON CO 

 AihFllICA &TATE 

 13G.299 13.643. 



8RAZIL 

 £6,00a,9 67. 



PERU 

 i57Z,49B 



FRENCH 



W.A^RICA 

 ±Sfia.2l4 



S.HJGEFIA GOLD CO«T FfiAhCE ALLOTHER 

 £2flS,06l. £279,949 J27e.7CB COUNTRIES 



Ie30,l02, 



15 



