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The Harmsworth Universal Atlas 



TIMBER. — The most valuable Timber producing regions of the 

 world lie in the North Temperate Zone, as the extensive forests of 

 the tropics produce woods of less general utihty and are less accessible 

 to the markets of the world. The chief timber exporting countries 

 are the United States, Austria-Hungary, Sweden, Canada, Russia, 

 Finland and Norway. Canada, with an estimated forest area of 

 800,000,000 acres, is the country richest in timber resources, whilst the 

 United States have 60,000,000 and Russia over 500,000,000 acres, 

 Timberis generally classed as " hard"or " soft " ; theformcr including 

 oak, poplar, walnut, ash, chestnut, hickory, cott<jn wood and gum, 

 and the latter the conifers, such as whit^ and yellow pine, hemlock, 

 spruce, Douglas fir and red wood. The conifers come from the Baltic 

 countries, North America, and, in small quantities, from Tasmania. 

 Three-fourths of the timber production in the United States consists 

 of conifers, yellow and white pine being the most important varieties. 

 Hard woods are grown chieily in South America and Australia ; jarrah 

 and karri are the principal woods of Western Anstraha, jarrah being 

 used for railway sleepers, bridge building, etc., and karri for wood 

 pavmg and wagon work. Teak, a very hard, durable wood used in 



shipbuilding, comes from Burma and the E. Indies. The hard black 

 wood known as cboity is derived from various trees, mostly native to 

 India. Mahogany is obtained chiefly from the West Indies, Central 

 and South America, and West Africa ; cedar from Central America 

 and the West Indies, and Quebracho, used in tanning, from the River 

 Plate district. Algeria supphes more cork than all the rest of the 

 world. The woodlands of the United Kingdom cover 3,070,000 acres. 

 The British annual production of timber is estimated at 2,000,000 

 tons, and the total consumption at over ir, 290,000 tons. 



The olive tree belongs to Southern Europe and probably also 

 to Asia Minor. It is cultivated in all the Mediterranean countries 

 and in Mesopotamia and Persia, and has recently been introduced to 

 California, Louisiana and [Mexico. The African oil palm [Giiineenm] 

 grows abundantly along the west coast of Africa, and particularly in 

 the Gold Coast and Nigeria. A similar oil-yielding palm is found in 

 Zanzibar and the Philippines. Coco-nuts are indigenous to the 

 maritime parts of the Old World Tropics. Our supplies of copra 

 {the dried kernels of the coco-nut) and oil come chiefly from Ceylon, 

 Fiji, and other South Sea islands, Madras and Mauritius. 



world's annual production 0FT[MBER 

 (in mrllions of feet board measure.) 



UNITED BTATtS 

 37,000 



ANNUAL IMPORTS OF TIMBER INTO UNITED KINGDOM- 



Total Imports ^ £23,Z74,0ZO. 



RUSSIA 

 12. 000 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 

 3. 50O 



ALL OTKER COU WTR[ES 



14,000 



I GERMANY 2 CANADA 3 SWEDEN 4 NORWAY 



4 CHINA £ JAPAN. 5. FRANCE 6 SOUTH AMERICA 



7 OTHER COUNTRIES. 





BR W AFRICA AUSTRALIA OTHER BJi FOiS. OTIiE«__ .. 



^341,129, a32AJ67. i:29a.575. ^^TlS^fl""? 



^HUS51A SWEDEN CANADA USA 



6,351,767. ^4,090,903 £3,7Z0,9I* £3,211,423. 



rjORWAY 



GERMANY 

 ^871, &71 



FRAfJCE 

 i:G44,9&Q. 



BR. INDIA 

 £669,400 



X^' «^^ ^^1 '^F^^ 



^W^ ^-'^m^ >^£ -^ylt^'^ 



g^ 



RUSSIA mcludjnf, FINLAND 

 SIGi 000,000- 



ACREAGE OF EUROPEAN FORESTS. 



SWEDEN GERMANY 







AUSTRIA FRANCE HUNGARY SPAIN NORWAY 



p 



I 



1 



BDSNiAi TURKfV fiOl'i1*NlA 



49.000,000 ^rigooon .7^^n n^n /^^^^^ HUr^GARY SPAIN NORWAY BULGARIA ITALY bdsn^a* TURKfV flO^''"'" 



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