Maps and Diagrams of the World's Commerce 



Jh^JW orld's Commodities.— 16. Steel, Lead and Tin 



TOTAL ANNUAL STEEL .P^^QD UCTl ON OFThFW^I:^ 



ilULffrTJflr 



UNITED 

 STATES 



M 



. I'Jj ■■ InlLHI I CA 



■' I I PL TIf A fU' ir^ft.i f I . J.ririj 



. > I9.9F2,9SI 



^ Jg&iN^Bj.tijJM^ij^u ij-jpf I mi f jJiimmiiBniiMiirfjPUF njffl 



ton) 



" ^'^ rir^rj , j _. 



JT^rm Wn'Crff nrfi^ClnCKLtl U VJ ri kv-f| -|['f 



"^lOwTim: 



irj ('iiii[t[i[ft,ii^f,M\t r ■.! r. . 



* f i 'i I Jri ilN r>i4ij riiELTTi-r r> 



' ^^::^:u;^mmm^i!!^miaMm\mmll^^ 



GERMANY. 



UNITED 

 KINGDOM. 



FRANCE ^ tJviiVuliJdiiprMiiMMiUfli 



RUSSIA, 



AUSTRIA 



10,066,553, 



5. 812,232. 



2.no,ooo. ^B_. 



B ELG I U W JlfliimiMu 'ii ii.">-mu-in jaig. ^ ^ ^ 



^^ ^^ CANADA 5WEDEM SPAIN ITALY 



™i 1,180,000 



403^500. 



358, !00 



UNITED 

 KINGDOM 



GERMANY 



BRITISH EXPORTS OF IRON & STEEL 



COMPARED WITH THOSE! OF OTHER COUNTRIES 



( in tons I 



Z37 BGA 



T77,086. 



420,000 



lbirimiiri>i4iinirlri.1i4lTti rill UlCJ^iElN.lEkj-'iLIMJJiJ'p.i L--.r - 



ICaT^m IJ.J^NNLIIHI'HI I Til rLI'ria4N^iiiuprn4PEI|>4lri^xdri J rirrri- r 



^3,72f,5l5. 





BELGIUM. J^ 

 UNITED STATFS. 

 FRArJCE. 



SWEDEN. 



776 



PERCENTAGE OF THE WORLDS 

 STEEL OUTPUT. 



I CANADA 3 



2 SWEDEN S 

 3- 5PAirj S 



4 »TALV 4 



5 OTkER 

 COUtJTPIES I 



STEEL USED FOR A YEARS SHIPBUILDING 



( in tons.) 



:3B7,600 AUSTRIA Ji»fl^f42,3B6 SPAIN 



59.IZ8 SWIT££RLAN[;«?5.945 



■A ^^^ 



UNITED KINGDOM 

 1,305.000 



^J^--{^Jr 



UNITED STATES GERMANY 

 303,000 255,423 



l^RANCE 

 73,124 



ITALY NORWAY HOLLAND 

 61.629 52.5eo 44,155 



STEEL is a kind of metallic iron, containing a small proportion 

 of combined carbon, and owing to the economy effected in its 

 manufacture in recent years it has to a large extent taken the place 

 of iron in the industrial world. The use of iron goes back to the 

 remotest antiquity. Until comparatively recent times, iron smelting 

 was carried on by means of wood or charcoal ; the use of coal as 

 fuel was first introduced early in the r7th century, and only became 

 general in the middle of the i8th century. The use of coke was a 

 further improvement, and in 1828 the hot-blast was introduced, since 

 when,blast furnaces have been steadily improved and great economies 

 of fuel effected. A still greater revolution in the iron trade was 

 achieved when the manufacturing of steel from iron, by cementation, 

 was given up in favour of the Bessemer and Siemen Martin (or open 

 hearth} processes for producing steel m quantity direct. The draw- 

 back to these systems lay in the fact that they could not deal with 

 u'on contaming phosphorus ; but this difficulty w^as overcome in 1879 

 by the application of the " basic " process. Bv this invention, the 

 United Kingdom, which formerly enjoyed a unique advantage over 

 other iron-producing countries in possessing rich stores of hematite, 

 an ore free from phosphoriis, has lost the por.ition of the premier 

 steel producing country of the wxrld ; and the United States, the 

 greater pait of whose enormous output is actually required for the 



development of her own industries, now occupies this position. In 

 the diagrams an attempt has been made to compare the exports of 

 manufactures of iron and steel from the leading countries, and with 

 the assistance of the Secretary of the British Iron Trade Association, 

 we have been enabled to give the figures, but it should be \mder' 

 stood that these are necessarily incomplete, the different classifica- 

 tions adopted by various Governments rendering an exact compari- 

 son impossible, and in such tables no distinction can he made 

 between steel and iron. Moreover, an enormous quantity of iron 

 and steel leaves this country in the form of shipping, and the com- 

 parative table showing the relative output of leading countries in 

 shipping should be studied in conjunction with the other figures, 



LEAD.— The United States, Spain, Germany, Australia and 

 Mexico are the worid's great sources of lead, a metal which is 

 principally used for plumbing and bullet making, 



TIN is derived almost exclusively from the Malay States, 

 Bolivia and the Dutch Kast Indies. Only about 75,000 tons of tin 

 actually entered into commerce in each of the three year cudin^ 

 March. 1907, but the price has fluctuated enormously. Tlie highest 

 m 1906 was £215 per ton, against £166% in 1905, and the difference 

 between the highest and lowest has been £80 to /go per ton. 



TOTAL ANNUAL LEAD PRODUCTION OF THE WORLD 



{in tons) 



'■>U'S>" 



UNITED STATES 

 350,000 



Spain 



175,000 



GERMANY 

 K3,000 



AUSTPAUA 

 J39,000 



MEXICO ITALY U.K. GREECE OTHER 

 56.000 23,000 20,000 18,000 "^^""TlSI^^ 



TOTAJ. ANNUAL TIN PRODUCTION OF THE WORLD 



(in tons) 



MALAY STATES 



43,aoo 



BOLIVIA 

 JShJOO 



DUTCIt 

 E. INDIES 



15,200 



AUSTRALIA 

 5,S00 



UNITED 

 KINGDOM 

 4.300 



a 



OTPfR 



SJAH 



3,200 CDUrVmiES 



270 



TOTAL ANNUAL LEAD IMPORTS INTO UNITED KINGDOM 



SPAIN 

 i,4Z7,902 



OTHER COUNTRIES 

 ^42,002 



Q O- 



AUSTRALIA 

 £932.127. 



UNITED STATES GERMANY BELGIUM FR.^NCE CANADA MEXICO 

 Jl325,£64. Jl322,35B 5:24,924 ^19654 ^PM-IBl^rOSa-l-. 



TOTAL ANNUAL TIN IMPORTS INTO UNITED KINGDOM. 



OTHEH COUNTRfES 

 £37,712 



STRAITS SETTLEMENTS 

 £4,760.267. 



CHILE 

 -£(,140,497 



AUSTRALIA BR.INDIA FRANCE PERU GERHAN'T H£THEflUND5 

 £633. 93S £BI,6BQ. £46,7QT X^Z.era ±33.87^ j£2e,442. 



20 



