OBSERVATIONS ON TIIE LANGUAGE OF GOWEIt's CONFESSIO AMANTIS 



287 



my ladies selve, i. 22S, should doubtless be my 

 ladie, the s being caught from selve. 



■selfe, preceded by the article, means the same, as 

 in Saxon : the selfe prest, i. 48. 



§ 47. Demonstrative, Relative, etc. 



Demonstrative : that (S. neut. pset), definite article, 

 in the phrase that on (misspelt one) — that other, 



I 25 : ii. 193, 204, 208 : that o, ii. 376. 



the, definite article, i. 1, etc. 



that, demonstrative sing., i. 5, 13, "and that is 



shewed." 



i In one case that seems to be used as the plural of 

 the demonstrative (perhaps an error for they) : 



the saints that weren us tofore, 

 by whom the feith was first up-bore, 

 that oughten better be beleved 

 than these, etc., ii. 188.) 



tho (S. pa) = those, i. 52 (tho be the gates) ; 

 tho two, i. 85; tho wordes, ii. 188 ; tho men, ii. 

 209 ; tho children, ii. 271 ; alle tho that, iii. 146. 



this (S. pis, pes), i. 1, etc. 



these, plural of this (should be thes, S. pas), i. 34, 



56, 309 : ii. 17, 56, 147, 240, 329, 332, 355 : m. 

 253, 278. 



these, ii. 85, 154, 165, 188, 275 f : iii. 11, 



these 



45, 278, 279, 363, 364. 



thilke (S. pylc), = that, i. 105, 123, 216, etc. 



bo (S. swa)=such, ii. 33 (if there were such a 

 way : there is none so). 



Relative : 



as she that was through out untrewe, i. 191. 



the cardinals that wolde save, i. 254. 



all that ever he herde, ^) .. 1 



all the prestes that there are, ) 



hem that ben nought grete, ii. 275. 



Cesar Julius which tho was kinge, i. 28. 



Adrian which pope was, i. 29. 



she which shall be thy norice, i. 195. 



in Cristes feith which died upon the rode tre, i. 198 



thilke lord(e) ivhiche al may kepe, 



to whom no counseil may be hid, i. 9. 



an emperour whos name was Othes, i. 31. 



that ymage on whom he foundeth, i. 31. 



tho whos(e) herte stood upon knighthode, i. 244. 



whos love his strength all overthrew(e), iii. 366. 



that as that which : eschewe that wicked is, i. 19. 

 man is cause of that shal falle, i. 21, etc. 



what 



that which : shal ordeino what he wilU* i. IT, 



t 



%okat thou hast felt, i. 48, etc. 

 what man v ride him lelf aviee, he, etc i. 151 ; 

 ii. 141. 



what man on hem hie chore caste, he, etc. i. 5*! 



the which, which that, etc = simple which, etc. 



ii. at. 168. 



the which was cleped Clemen*, ii. 34, 



281, 3G6, 383: iii. 61, 105, 130, 29*. 



(pi.) among the whichc ther(e) was on(e), ii 

 375: iii. 19, 73. 203. 



thing which that is to love due, ii. 18, 77. 



which time that I am her fro, iii. 7. 



man, the which that wit and reson can, i. 34. 



the which that this science all one, iii. Ml. 



thing which as may nought ben acheved, ii. 



380: i. 298: iii. 134 

 for that thing may nought be refused 



what that a king him selfe bit* i. 4. 



the wJws power as now is falle, ii. 187, 87. 



103, 354 : iii. 41, lie, 130, 140, 205. 



the whom no pit£ might arest[e], iii. 203. 

 to Venus whos(e) prest that I am, ii. 61. 

 who that, what that, etc. =2 quisquis, quicumque : 

 who that desireth, he shall, i. 18. 

 he is not wis(e) who that ne troweth, i. 21, 



22, 45, etc. 



what thing that the body hateth, i. 37. 

 what man that his lust desireth, lie shall, etc 



i. 82. 



passeth 



what that other sain, i. 223. 



upon what side as ever it falle, i. 264. 



what as ever coraeth, ii. 139, 144. 



what so falle. ii. 23. 



who so these olde bokes troweth, ii. 14 



whom as ever that they serven, ii. 

 (So, how as ever that it be, ii. 7 : how that ever h* 



ete, iii. 39 : how so that < ?r it fall[ej iii. 43 



when so as ever, ii. 143.) 

 what, in the same sense : what thou here. v< f no 



credence, i. 59. 

 Interrogative : 

 who, which, what, as in English. 

 whether ss which of two, i. 217. 337 : ii. 60 : in. 17, 



355. 



Indefinite : 



somwho — aVujuis (once only) \ 



but if somwho the damme staunche, i. U. 

 For some peculiar cases of pronouns, see further on, 



§§ 103, 104, 105. 



