4 On the Ethnography and Archeology 
old skull from the Indian burying grounds at Guamay, in North- 
ern Peru, for which I am indebted to Dr. Paul Swift. Last but 
not least, I may add the skull obtained by Mr. Stephens* from a 
vault at Ticul, a ruined aboriginal city of Yucatan; and some 
mutilated but interesting fragments brought me. fron ree latter 
country, by my friend Mr. Norman. 
These crania, together with upwards of four hundred others of 
nearly sixty tribes and nations, derived from the repositories of 
the dead in different localities over the whole length and breadth 
of both Americas, present a conformable and national type of : 
organization, showing the origin of one to be equally the — 
of all. 
To this prevading cranial type I have already diverted’ Hens 
the long-headed. Aymaras of Peru, whom, in common with Prof. 
Tiedemann, I at first thought to present a congenitally different 
form of head from the nations who surrounded them, are proved, 
by the recent discoveries of M. Alcide D’Orbigny, to have be- 
longed to the same race as the other . Americans, and to owe their 
singularly elongated crania to a peculiar mode of artificial eom- 
pression from the earliest infancy.{ 
But there is evidence to the same effect, but of more saa 
date than any we have yet mentioned. 'The recent explorations 
of Dr. Lund in the district of Minas Geraes, in Brazil, have brought 
to light human bones which he regards. as fossil, because they ac- _ 
company the remains of extinct genera and species of quadrupeds, 
and have undergone the same mineral changes with the latter. 
He has found several crania, all of which correspond in form to’ — 
the present aboriginal type.¢ 
Even the head of the celebrated Guadaloupe skeleton forms 
no exception to the rule. ‘The skeleton itself is well known to 
be in the British Museum, but wants the cranium, which how- 
ever is supposed to have been recovered in the one more recently _ 
fpved in Baadalouge by Mr. L’Hérminier, and brought by him 
* Incidents of Travel in Yucatan, I, p. 281. 
_ + Ramblesin Yucatan, p. 217. 
+ L’Homme omme Americain, Tome I, p-306. I corrected my error before I had the 
5 pe = PininetineCharcternie of the Abdiigint nal Rabe of Arner shen p. 6. 
See Pri di 
Sciences of Philadelphia for Dec. 1844. 
