. of joan Aborigines. 17 
In my Crania Americana I have given abundant instances of a 
remarkable vertical flattening of the occiput, and irregularity 
its sides, among the Inca Peruvians who were buried in the ro 
cemetery of Pachacamac, near Lima. 'These heads present no 
other deviation from the natural form ; and even this irregularity 
[have thought might be accounted for by a careless mode of 
binding the infant to the simple board, which, among many In- 
dian tribes of both North and South America, is a customary 
substitute for a cradle. It is probable, however, that even this 
configuration was intentional, and may have formed a distinctive 
badge of some particular caste of these singular people, among 
whom a pinto natural . sanemttene -was of extremely rare oc- 
currence, pes 
_ We are now locus sith four hishe i the head among 
the old Peruvians which were produced by artificial means, viz : 
L.. The teulaontally elongated, or. oyhadeae form, above de- 
scribed. 
-+ 2. he conical or sugar-loaf form, represented in the preced- 
ing diagrams. 
3. The simple flattening or depression of the forehead, contin 
the rest of the head to expand, both posteriorly and laterally ; 
practice yet prevalent. among the Chenooks and other tribes a 
the north of the Columbia river, in Oregon. 
4.. A simple vertical elevation of the occiput, giving the head 
in most instances a squared and inequilateral form. 
A curious decree of the ecclesiastical court of Lima, dated A. D. 
1585, and quoted by the late Prof. Blumenbach, alludes to at least 
four artificial conformations of: the head, even then common 
among the Peruvians, and forbids the practice of them under 
certain specified penalities. These forms were called in the lan- 
guage of the natives, “Caito, Oma, Opalla, &c. ;” and the contin- 
uance of them at that period, affords anatlien instance of the 
tenacity with ‘which.the Peruvians clung to the: wages of their 
forefathe: 
_ Szconp jenny . Vol. ul, No. ‘asin 1846. 3 
