122 ° Scientific Intelligence. — 
this had yielded 679 poods of gold, or about 2,445 lbs. The gold here 
occurs in quartz veins, which are contained in parallel bands of a fels- © 
pathic rock, called “ beresite,” which Rose considers as a decomposed 
granite, trending from north to'south. The chief fundamental rocks are 
talcose and chloritic schists and clay slates, and through these the 
“ beresite” cuts. The shafts, none of which are lower than 25 fath- 
oms, are sunk vertically, and lateral galleries are made in the masses of 
*‘ beresite,” which in contact with the quartz veins is usually. compact 
and hard, but at a little distance from them it resembles kaolin or de- | 
composed feldspar rock. Between the beds and the “ beresite,” the 
talcose rock is changed into a reddish and decomposing altered i 
called * crassick” by the workmen. 
The auriferous alluvium invariably overlies the auriferous ial me bon 
resite,” and other granitic rocks, clay slate, and loose limestone, which 
are often of great extent, but so poor in gold as not to pay for working, 
all the productive mines being in the alluvium. The alluvium is 
notably rich along the zone, where greenstones, porphyries and ser- 
pentines have traversed ancient limestones, and is most productive in 
' those spots where the broken materials and coarse sands are most fer- 
ruginous. During the progress of washing, the black glancing grains” 
of magnetic iron ore form a good indication of the presence of gold. 
annexed diagram will show the relations here explained. a 
The auriferous rocks are seen in situ at (a.) The auriferous detri* 
tus immediately over them (b,) covered by the overlying clay (¢,) 
capped by humus and bog. The small stream called the Berezof (d,) 
cuts through this gravel, and by its aid the workings are accomplished. 
The bones of mammoths and other extinct quadrapeds are also found 
in these auriferous gravel beds. 
The mine of Peshanka, near Bogoslofsk, is in a sandy itl 
containing no fragments of quartz veins, and it is supposed that the 
gold was here ale uniformly diffused in the subjacent syenitic rock, 
which is said to yield gold on analysis. From 1829, when it was dis 
covered, to 1840, or in eleven years, this mine yielded 256 poods, 
or 10,000 Russian pounds of gold.* The gold alluvium is always @ 
coarse local detritus, varying from 2 to 10 or 12 feet in thickness, and 
usually covered with much stiff clay. The stony fragments of course 
vary in vary in every locality with the nature of the adjacent rocks, but gant 
TCT aping ene iA 7 Ae English. 
